Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Characterization of airborne tire particle emissions under realistic conditions on the chassis dynamometer, on the test track, and on the road

Researchers developed a new tire and road wear particle (TRWP) sampling system and characterized airborne emissions under real-world conditions on a chassis dynamometer, test track, and public road. Emissions showed a bimodal size distribution with dominant modes at ~10 nm and 270 nm, with SEM/EDS revealing two particle formation mechanisms and confirming tire rubber as a major source of ultrafine airborne particles.

2025 Aerosol Science and Technology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Shades of grey—tire characteristics and road surface influence tire and road wear particle (TRWP) abundance and physicochemical properties

A suite of experiments characterized how tire type, compound, and road surface properties influence tire and road wear particle (TRWP) size, morphology, and emission rates, finding significant variation across tire and road combinations relevant to predicting environmental exposure.

2023 Frontiers in Environmental Science 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Settling Velocities of Tire and Road Wear Particles: Analyzing Finely Graded Density Fractions of Samples from a Road Simulator and a Highway Tunnel.

Researchers measured the terminal settling velocities of tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) from a road simulator and highway tunnel across different density and size fractions, providing the first empirical settling velocity data for these particles to support modeling of their transport in aquatic environments.

2025 Environmental science & technology
Article Tier 2

Realistic evaluation of tire wear particle emissions and their driving factors on different road types

This study measured tire wear particle (TWP) emissions under realistic driving conditions on different road types and identified the key driving factors affecting emission rates. Tire wear particles are a major category of microplastic pollution in road runoff, and this data is needed to estimate their contribution to environmental contamination.

2023
Article Tier 2

Modelled atmospheric concentration of tyre wear in an urban environment

Researchers modeled airborne concentrations of tire wear particles — tiny plastic-containing fragments released when vehicle tires rub against road surfaces — across Stockholm, finding that these microplastic particles are widespread in cities and make up 4–6% of total air particle pollution, with concentrations highest near busy highways and in narrow street canyons.

2023 Atmospheric Environment X 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in the road environment

Researchers measured actual environmental concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in a rural highway setting, providing field-based data to complement the theoretical estimates that dominate current literature.

2022 Environment International 153 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles

Researchers characterized non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicle tire and road wear, collecting atmospheric PM samples with a high-volume quartz filter sampler and using pyrolysis-GC/MS to analyze tire rubber markers including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, quantifying the contribution of tire-brake-road wear particles to urban air pollution.

2022 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical Investigation of Tire Induced Particle Emissions

This automotive engineering study measured the size distribution of fine dust particles (under 10 micrometers) generated by tire wear, finding that tire-derived particles represent a significant non-exhaust source of urban particulate matter. As electric vehicle adoption reduces exhaust emissions, tire and brake wear particles will become a proportionally larger component of urban air pollution. These tire wear particles are also a major source of microplastic contamination in road runoff.

2021 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparison of traffic-related micro- and nanoplastic concentrations at three urban locations

Researchers measured airborne tire and road wear particles (microplastics shed from vehicle tires) at a busy urban road, a highway, and a park, finding rubber particle concentrations were 2-5 times higher near traffic compared to the park, with levels closely tracking other traffic pollutants like black carbon.

2025 Atmospheric Environment 5 citations
Review Tier 2

Vehicle Emission Models and Traffic Simulators: A Review

This review surveys vehicle emission models and traffic simulation tools used to estimate air pollution from road traffic. While focused on exhaust emissions, the methods discussed are relevant to understanding non-exhaust pollution like tire wear microplastics, which are released in large quantities from vehicle tires. Better emission modeling could help quantify the full scope of traffic-related microplastic pollution in urban areas.

2023 Energies 41 citations
Article Tier 2

Tyre and road wear particles from source to sea

Researchers traced tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) — tiny rubber fragments shed when vehicles brake and turn — from urban roads into marine sediments, finding that softer tyres with more natural rubber shed more particles and that TRWP concentrations drop sharply with distance from cities. Unlike lighter microplastics that drift widely, TRWP sink quickly and accumulate near urban coastlines, threatening nearshore sediment ecosystems.

2023 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 54 citations
Article Tier 2

On-Road Vehicle Measurement of Tire Wear Particle Emissions and Approach for Emission Prediction

An instrumented measurement vehicle was developed to quantify tire wear particle emissions under real-world on-road conditions, identifying key driving parameters such as speed, load, and cornering that govern emission rates. The study supports the development of emission factors and regulatory standards for non-exhaust tire-derived microplastic pollution.

2022 Tire Science and Technology 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of a parametrized and regionalized life cycle inventory model for tire and road wear particles

Researchers developed a detailed model for estimating tire and road wear particle emissions, a major but often overlooked source of microplastics from vehicle traffic. The model accounts for nine key factors including road texture, driving behavior, temperature, and tire type, and can generate estimates at both individual vehicle and national scales. The study found that road surface roughness, aggressive driving, and wet conditions are the biggest drivers of large particle emissions, while temperature and vehicle load most affect fine particle release.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) - A review of generation, properties, emissions, human health risk, ecotoxicity, and fate in the environment

This comprehensive review compiles current knowledge on tyre and road wear particles, which are generated during driving and contribute to both airborne emissions and microplastic pollution. Researchers found that per-capita tyre wear emissions range from 0.2 to 5.5 kilograms per person per year, with particles ending up in soils, waterways, and the air. While the risk from inhaling these particles appears low, the potential health effects from ingesting them through the food chain remain largely unknown.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 723 citations
Article Tier 2

Emission Characteristics of Tyre Wear Particles from Light-Duty Vehicles

Researchers measured the number concentrations and elemental composition of tyre wear particles emitted from light-duty vehicles under different driving test cycles using a chassis dynamometer. The study found that aggressive driving cycles with larger accelerations and decelerations produced much higher particle emissions, and that high driving speeds with rapid acceleration generated the most tyre wear particles.

2023 Atmosphere 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Vehicle Tire and Road Wear Particles’ Size Distribution and Influencing Factors Examined via Laboratory Test

Researchers conducted laboratory tests to characterize the size distribution of tire and road wear particles under various conditions. The study found that factors such as driving speed, tire composition, and road surface characteristics significantly influence the size and quantity of wear particles released, which are a growing source of microplastic pollution.

2024 Atmosphere 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Types and concentrations of tire wear particles (TWPs) in road dust generated in slow lanes.

Road dust samples collected near traffic lights contained tire wear particles (TWPs), with the concentration and size distribution varying by location and traffic direction. Tire wear is one of the largest sources of microplastic pollution in urban environments, and these particles are carried into waterways by stormwater runoff.

2024 Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
Article Tier 2

An Experimental Study on the Component Analysis and Variation in Concentration of Tire and Road Wear Particles Collected from the Roadside

Researchers analyzed the concentration and composition of tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) collected from roadsides during summer and winter in Korea. The study found seasonal variations in TRWP concentrations related to temperature differences, highlighting the need for strategies to reduce these particles as vehicle registrations continue to increase.

2023 Sustainability 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles

Researchers analyzed non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicles by collecting tire and atmospheric PM samples, using pyrolysis-GC/MS and ICP/MS to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals as markers, and found that tire and road wear particles contribute substantially to atmospheric particulate matter with toxicological implications.

2022 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards real-world TRWP quantification: Combining a novel enclosed collection system with optical sensors to mitigate particle loss in tire emission measurements

Researchers developed an enclosed collection system combined with optical particle sensors to quantify airborne tire wear particle emissions in a laboratory wind tunnel, addressing a critical gap in TRWP measurement methods. The system reduced particle losses during sampling and enabled real-time monitoring, providing a foundation for standardized protocols needed to meet Euro 7 tire emission regulations.

2025
Article Tier 2

Tire and road wear particles contamination in infiltration ponds sediments: occurrence, spatial variability, size distribution and correlation with metals

Researchers examined tire and road wear particle (TRWP) contamination in infiltration pond sediments, characterizing their occurrence, spatial variability, size distribution, and correlation with heavy metals to assess the pollution dynamics of these road-derived particles in urban drainage systems.

2024 SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository
Article Tier 2

Classification and Characterization of Tire-Road Wear Particles in Road Dust by Density

Tire-road wear particles were classified and characterized by density using road dust from an asphalt pavement, allowing separation of tire tread-derived particles from road surface and mineral components. The density-based classification approach improves the accuracy of tire wear particle quantification in environmental monitoring studies.

2022 Polymers 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization of Airborne Microplastics Particles on Urban Roads: Types, Sizes, and Total Particles

Researchers collected airborne microplastic samples from urban road environments and characterized particle types, sizes, color distributions, and polymer compositions, finding tire-wear rubber and paint fragments alongside fiber and film fragments from packaging and textiles.

2025 JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Article Tier 2

On airborne tire wear particles along roads with different traffic characteristics using passive sampling and optical microscopy, single particle SEM/EDX, and µ-ATR-FTIR analyses

Researchers used passive sampling and advanced analytical techniques including SEM/EDX and micro-ATR-FTIR to characterize airborne tire wear particles along roads with different traffic volumes and speeds. The study found that tire wear particles, a major category of microplastic pollution, varied in concentration and composition depending on traffic characteristics, highlighting roadways as a significant source of airborne microplastic contamination.

2022 Frontiers in Environmental Science 43 citations