Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Safety and Toxicity Implications of Multifunctional Drug Delivery Nanocarriers on Reproductive Systems In Vitro and In Vivo

This review examines the safety and toxicity implications of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems on reproductive health, highlighting concerns about how engineered nanomaterials may affect fertility and reproductive organs both in vitro and in vivo.

2022 Frontiers in Toxicology 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanosafety: An Evolving Concept to Bring the Safest Possible Nanomaterials to Society and Environment

Researchers reviewed the evolving field of nanosafety, examining approaches to evaluate the potential toxicity and risks of nanomaterials used across industries including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, and agriculture. The study discusses how traditional toxicological methods are being adapted alongside new nanotoxicology approaches to assess immunotoxicity and genotoxicity of nanomaterials. The review highlights the need for comprehensive safety frameworks as the rapid development of new nanomaterials continues to outpace our understanding of their potential health effects.

2022 Nanomaterials 46 citations
Clinical Trial Tier 1

Nanomedicines and nanocarriers in clinical trials: surfing through regulatory requirements and physico-chemical critical quality attributes

Researchers reviewed the regulatory landscape and critical quality attributes for nanomedicines in clinical trials, finding that increasing structural complexity and gaps in international guidelines create inconsistencies in how nanoparticle drugs are characterized and approved, potentially slowing therapeutic development.

2022 Drug Delivery and Translational Research 54 citations
Article Tier 2

Current hurdles to the translation of nanomedicines from bench to the clinic

This review examines the challenges of translating nanomedicine research from the lab to approved medical treatments, focusing on regulatory hurdles and manufacturing consistency. While not directly about microplastics, the review is relevant because the same nanoparticle characterization methods and safety testing frameworks apply to understanding how nanoplastics behave in the human body. Lessons from nanomedicine development can help researchers better assess the health risks of nanoplastic exposure.

2021 Drug Delivery and Translational Research 434 citations
Article Tier 2

Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet?

This review evaluates the current state of nanoparticle safety research across medical, cosmetic, and industrial applications. Researchers found that despite two decades of progress, significant questions remain about the long-term effects of nanoparticle exposure, and the study calls for standardized testing methods and better understanding of how these tiny particles interact with biological systems.

2020 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 538 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanomaterial's toxicity and its regulation strategies

This review examines the toxicity of nanomaterials used across biomedical, agricultural, and industrial applications, discussing how their unique physicochemical properties differ from bulk counterparts and evaluating regulatory strategies to manage risks to end-users and the environment.

2020 Journal of Environmental Biology 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanosafety: An Evolving Concept to Bring the Safest Possible Nanomaterials to Society and Environment

This review provides an overview of nanosafety as an evolving field, covering toxicological assessment methods, nanotoxicology approaches, and new technologies including organ-on-chip systems and biosensors. The authors discuss Life Cycle Assessment as an increasingly important nanosafety tool for evaluating the environmental impact of nanomaterials from production through disposal.

2022 Preprints.org 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradable Nanoplastic: a Tool for Drug Delivery and Environmental Challenge

This review discusses the dual nature of biodegradable nanoplastics — their promise as targeted drug delivery vehicles due to their controllable surface chemistry, versus the environmental concern of uncontrolled nanoplastic accumulation from biodegradable polymer degradation in ecosystems.

2025 Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale
Article Tier 2

A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment.

This critical review examines the current methods for detecting and characterizing micro- and nanoplastics in various environmental samples, as well as reported toxic effects from in vivo and in vitro studies. The authors found that while substantial effort has been made to understand microplastic behavior, the scientific community is still far from a complete understanding of how these particles behave in biological systems. The review calls for improved standardized protocols and more studies focused on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution.

2019 Environmental Research 163 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical and toxicological aspects of nanomaterials in different product groups: Challenges and opportunities

This review examined the analytical and toxicological challenges of engineered nanomaterials across consumer and industrial product groups, discussing release pathways, detection difficulties, and safety considerations including dose-metrics for assessing consumer risk.

2022 NanoImpact 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Safe nanomaterials: from their use, application, and disposal to regulations

This review surveys the global applications of nanomaterials across medicine, food, textiles, and electronics, along with the health and environmental risks they pose. It highlights that regulations governing nanomaterial safety vary widely between countries and calls for global standards based on a precautionary principle to ensure their responsible use and disposal.

2024 Nanoscale Advances 120 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoparticles in the Environment and Nanotoxicology

This review examines the environmental fate and toxicological risks of nanomaterials, including engineered nanoparticles and microplastics/nanoplastics, as these materials are increasingly released into ecosystems. The paper surveys current understanding of nanotoxicology and highlights the potential risks that nanoparticle contamination poses to both ecological and human health.

2023 Nanomaterials 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Expanding adverse outcome pathways towards one health models for nanosafety

This study proposes expanding adverse outcome pathway frameworks to incorporate One Health models for nanomaterial safety assessment. The research suggests that connecting chemical safety assessment, epidemiology, and ecology through a holistic multiscale approach could better evaluate the risks of nano-enabled products for both humans and the environment.

2023 Frontiers in Toxicology 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastic Toxicity: Insights and Challenges from Experimental Model Systems

This review summarizes what researchers have learned about nanoplastic toxicity from studies in cell cultures, aquatic organisms, and terrestrial animals. Evidence indicates that nanoplastics can be internalized by cells through various mechanisms and their toxicity depends on factors like particle size, surface modifications, and concentration. The study identifies key knowledge gaps and recommends more systematic research to better understand the health risks these particles may pose to humans.

2022 Small 85 citations
Article Tier 2

Polymer-based nanocarriers for biomedical and environmental applications

This review covers the fabrication, design, and applications of polymer-based nanocarriers in biomedical and environmental fields. The study highlights their use in targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy, as well as their ability to remove heavy metals and contaminants from air and water, while noting current challenges for future development.

2023 e-Polymers 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Leveraging nanoparticle environmental health and safety research in the study of micro- and nano-plastics

Researchers argue that two decades of research on the environmental health and safety of engineered nanomaterials provides a strong foundation for studying micro- and nanoplastics. They outline how lessons from nano-safety research apply to understanding plastic particle toxicity, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and environmental behavior. The study emphasizes that existing tools and methodologies from nanotoxicology can accelerate progress in assessing the risks of particulate plastic pollution.

2024 NanoImpact 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Opportunities and Challenges for Nanotherapeutics for the Aging Population

This review explores how nanotherapeutics could address age-related changes in drug pharmacokinetics that impair efficacy and increase toxicity in elderly patients, while noting the need to balance benefits against the long-term safety of nanomaterials.

2022 Frontiers in Nanotechnology 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental hazard testing of nanobiomaterials

Researchers reviewed the challenges of testing whether nanobiomaterials — tiny biological or biomimetic particles used in medicine — pose risks to the environment after being released from patients, finding that existing regulatory guidelines designed for conventional chemicals are poorly suited to these novel materials. The paper proposes updates to international OECD testing standards to better capture the unique behavior and hazards of nanoscale biological materials in ecosystems.

2020 Environmental Sciences Europe 22 citations
Article Tier 2

A malleable catalyst dominates the metabolism of drugs

Researchers investigated micro- and nano-plastics as emerging global pollutants, noting a critical knowledge gap in nanoplastics research due to insufficient analytical methods, and highlighting that nanoplastics pose greater toxicity concerns than microplastics because of their ability to penetrate biological systems more readily.

2006 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 55 citations
Article Tier 2

The Challenges of 21st Century Neurotoxicology: The Case of Neurotoxicology Applied to Nanomaterials

This perspective paper examines the unique challenges of applying neurotoxicology to engineered nanomaterials, arguing that assessing nanomaterial neurotoxicity requires integrating nanotoxicology, neuroscience, and specialized testing frameworks that account for nanomaterial-specific physicochemical properties.

2021 Frontiers in Toxicology 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Advances in Drug Targeting, Drug Delivery, and Nanotechnology Applications: Therapeutic Significance in Cancer Treatment

This review covers advances in targeted drug delivery using nanotechnology, including nanoparticles and liposomes designed to release medications precisely where needed in the body. While focused on cancer treatment, the drug delivery technologies discussed are relevant to understanding how nanoscale plastic particles may also travel through the body and accumulate in specific tissues.

2025 Pharmaceutics 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics as a Vehicle for Environmental Pollutants: A Hazard for Human Health

This review examines nanoplastics as environmental vectors for chemical pollutants, discussing how their high surface-area-to-volume ratio enables adsorption of heavy metals, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants. The authors assess the evidence for nanoplastic-facilitated delivery of these co-contaminants to human tissues and call for dedicated nanoplastic toxicology studies.

2024
Article Tier 2

Prioritising nano- and microparticles: identification of physicochemical properties relevant for toxicity to Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna

Ecotoxicity data for 36 nano- and microparticles of diverse inorganic compositions were generated and used to develop a prioritization framework for identifying which advanced materials pose the greatest human and environmental hazard. The approach provides a practical tool for risk-based regulation of the expanding universe of engineered nano- and microparticles.

2022 Environmental Sciences Europe 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure and Possible Risks of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment—Current Knowledge and Directions for the Future

This 15-year retrospective of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) environmental research found that the field has progressed from observation of effects to mechanistic understanding, with advances in fate modeling and ecotoxicological assessment, but that material-specific risk assessment remains an ongoing challenge.

2020 Reviews of Geophysics 79 citations