Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastic and human health with focus on pediatric well-being: a comprehensive review and call for future studies

This review focuses on how microplastics affect children specifically, from infancy through adolescence, finding that infant formula, plastic toys, food packaging, and contaminated water and air are all significant exposure sources. The particles can cause cell damage and have been linked to potential health risks including cancer, highlighting that children may be especially vulnerable because of their developing bodies and higher relative exposure.

2024 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 32 citations
Article Tier 2

A Children’s Health Perspective on Nano- and Microplastics

This paper highlighted that children face unique risks from nano- and microplastic exposure because their defense mechanisms are still developing, yet almost no toxicological research has specifically focused on child health. Researchers noted that child-specific exposure sources and how plastic particles are absorbed and eliminated in young bodies remain largely unstudied. The study provides recommendations for filling these research gaps and suggests ways families can reduce early-life plastic exposure.

2022 Environmental Health Perspectives 95 citations
Article Tier 2

The Silent Conquest: The Journey of Micro and Nanoplastics Through Children’s Organs

This review examines the exposure routes, tissue distribution, and toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastics specifically in children, synthesizing evidence that pediatric populations may face distinct and potentially greater health risks from MNP exposure due to developmental vulnerabilities.

2025 Preprints.org
Article Tier 2

What Health Concerns Could Micro and Nanoplastics Pose for Infants? A Review

Microplastics and nanoplastics have been detected in human placentas, meconium, and infant faeces, meaning babies can be exposed before and immediately after birth. This review examines what these early-life exposures might mean for infant health and development, and discusses broader policy responses to reduce plastic overproduction as the most direct route to protecting future generations.

2023 Preprints.org 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Time to Safeguard the Future Generations from the Omnipresent Microplastics

This review highlighted that children face disproportionate microplastic exposure through breast milk, infant formula, crawling on contaminated floors, and mouthing plastic toys, and that their developing organ systems may be more vulnerable to microplastic-induced toxicity than adults, calling for child-specific exposure assessments and protective standards.

2021 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 18 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Health Implications of Microplastic Exposure in Pregnancy and Early Childhood: A Systematic Review

This systematic review summarizes existing research on how microplastic exposure during pregnancy and early childhood may affect health. The evidence shows that microplastics can reach the placenta and may cause oxidative stress and inflammation, raising concerns about potential effects on fetal development and infant health during these vulnerable life stages.

2025 International Journal of Women s Health 8 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Systematic Review on Air Pollution and its Adverse Effects

This systematic review found that inhaled microplastics can penetrate deep into human tissues and release chemicals like bisphenol A and phthalates that cause cardiovascular, neurological, and immune system damage. Children face disproportionately higher risks because they breathe closer to the ground where microplastic concentrations are elevated, and their developing bodies are more sensitive to these contaminants. The review highlights airborne microplastics as a significant and underappreciated pathway of human exposure alongside dietary ingestion.

2021 International Journal of Zoological Investigations 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: the hidden danger

This review assessed the growing body of evidence on how microplastics and nanoplastics may affect human health, drawing from studies across multiple databases over the past decade. Researchers found that these tiny plastic particles are now considered emerging contaminants that can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, with potential effects on multiple organ systems. The study emphasizes that children may be particularly vulnerable and calls for more research into long-term exposure effects.

2024 Jornal de Pediatria 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and child health: A scoping review of prenatal and early-life exposure routes and potential health risks

This scoping review examined how microplastics reach children through prenatal and early-life exposure routes, including placental transfer, breast milk, formula, and feeding bottles. The evidence indicates that microplastic exposure begins before birth and continues through infancy via multiple pathways, raising concerns about potential developmental health effects during these particularly vulnerable life stages.

2025 Toxicology Reports 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution-A major health problem-An update

This review summarizes the current understanding of microplastic pollution as a health concern, covering how these tiny plastic particles enter the human body through inhalation and ingestion of contaminated food and beverages. The study discusses chemical additives found in plastics, including endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A and phthalates, which have been associated with various health effects. However, the authors note that the fate and effects of microplastics once inside the human body remain controversial and require further study.

2025 International Journal of Science and Research Archive 1 citations
Commentary Tier 3

Editorial: Emerging contaminants in children: exposure, sources, and health effects

This editorial review examines emerging contaminants in children, including microplastics, endocrine disruptors, and other synthetic chemicals, focusing on exposure pathways, sources, and health effects during critical developmental windows. The authors highlight that children face heightened vulnerability to these pollutants due to developmental stage-specific susceptibilities affecting immune function, endocrine signaling, and neurological development.

2025 Frontiers in Pediatrics
Article Tier 2

Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution: A Pervasive Toxic Trespass with Profound Global Health Consequences

Researchers reviewed growing evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics accumulate in human tissues including the brain and testes, and are linked to cardiovascular disease, reproductive harm, and neurological risks, with chemical additives like phthalates contributing significantly to global cardiovascular mortality. Children, low-income communities, and waste workers face disproportionate exposure, underscoring the need for urgent policy action.

2025 Medical Science
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and its Harmful Effects on Humans: A Review

This review examines how inhaled microplastic particles can penetrate deep into human tissue and enter the bloodstream, potentially contributing to cardiovascular disease, neurological impairment, immune dysfunction, and cancer, with children facing disproportionately higher risks due to greater air intake relative to body weight.

2023 International Journal of Zoological Investigations 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Hidden Threats in Infant Diets and Environment ‒ Risks of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Food

This review examines how infants aged 0-12 months are exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics through inhalation and ingestion, with plastic packaging and food preparation being major dietary sources. Researchers found that these particles can cross biological barriers, leading to systemic exposure that may affect infant development. The study calls for more comprehensive research to understand the long-term health implications of plastic particle contamination in infant diets.

2025 Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as an emerging threat to human health: An overview of potential health impacts

This review provides a broad overview of how microplastics enter the body through food, air, and skin contact, and have been found in human tissues including the placenta, blood, lungs, and reproductive organs. Children face especially high risk due to hand-to-mouth behaviors and faster breathing rates relative to their body size, making them more susceptible to microplastic exposure and its potential toxic effects.

2025 Journal of Environmental Management 21 citations
Article Tier 2

The Silent Conquest: The Journey of Micro- and Nanoplastics Through Children’s Organs

This review synthesizes evidence on micro- and nanoplastic exposure and accumulation in children's organs from early life through adolescence, finding that infants and young children face disproportionate exposure through breast milk, formula, toys, and indoor dust. It identifies critical knowledge gaps in pediatric MNP research and calls for age-specific risk assessment frameworks.

2025 Toxics
Systematic Review Tier 1

Impact of prenatal micro/nanoplastics exposure on intrauterine development and growth: a systematic review

This systematic review examines how exposure to micro- and nanoplastics during pregnancy may affect fetal development and growth. The research gathered evidence showing that tiny plastic particles can reach the placenta and potentially disrupt normal intrauterine development. While more research is needed, these findings raise important questions about protecting pregnant women from microplastic exposure through food, water, and air.

2026 Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Article Tier 2

The Impact of Maternal Nanoplastic and Microplastic Particle Exposure on Mammal’s Offspring

This review summarizes research on how a mother's exposure to nanoplastics and microplastics during pregnancy can affect her developing baby. Studies show that these tiny plastic particles can cross the placenta and reach the fetus, potentially harming brain development, the reproductive system, metabolism, and the immune system of offspring. The review calls for more research using realistic exposure levels to better understand the risks of prenatal microplastic exposure to human babies.

2024 Cells 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics: Emerging environmental threats to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

This review examines how micro- and nanoplastic exposure may contribute to chronic health conditions through the lens of developmental origins of health and disease. Evidence suggests that microplastics accumulate in human metabolic and reproductive tissues and may induce physiological and epigenetic changes that could potentially be inherited by future generations, though research into these mechanisms is still in early stages.

2025 Reproductive Toxicology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Perinatal Period: Emerging Evidence on Maternal Exposure, Placental Transfer, and Fetal Health Outcomes

This review summarizes emerging evidence that microplastics can cross the placenta and reach developing babies, having been detected in maternal blood, placental tissue, amniotic fluid, cord blood, and breast milk. The tiny plastic particles may damage the placenta, disrupt hormones, alter immune responses, and potentially affect fetal growth and brain development. While more research is needed, the findings raise serious concerns about microplastic exposure during pregnancy and its implications for infant health.

2025 Sarvodaya International Journal of Medicine 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)