Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Evaluation of Detoxification‐Related Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) Co‐Exposed to Polyethylene Microplastics and Deltamethrin

Researchers investigated whether polyethylene microplastics worsen the toxic effects of the insecticide deltamethrin in juvenile common carp over a 30-day exposure. The study found that co-exposure to microplastics and deltamethrin affected detoxification-related gene expression, oxidative stress biomarkers, and blood biochemistry, suggesting that microplastics can modify the bioavailability and toxicity of co-occurring pesticides in fish.

2026 Journal of Applied Toxicology
Article Tier 2

Malathion-induced Biochemical and Molecular Changes in the Brain of Danio rerio as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Damage

Not relevant to microplastics — this study examines how the pesticide malathion causes oxidative stress and neurological damage in zebrafish brains, using antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression as biomarkers.

2023 Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences
Article Tier 2

Toxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on transcriptional changes, biochemical response, and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Researchers exposed common carp to varying concentrations of polyethylene microplastics and assessed biochemical, oxidative, and gene expression changes. The study found that microplastic exposure caused significant oxidative stress, altered liver enzyme activity, and modified the expression of stress-related genes in a dose-dependent manner.

2022 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology 72 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure to polypropylene microplastics via diet and water induces oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio

Researchers fed carp fish polypropylene microplastics through both food and water and found that exposure caused oxidative stress in the liver, gills, and intestines. The damage was dose-dependent, with higher microplastic concentrations causing more harm to the fish's antioxidant defense systems. Since carp is a widely consumed fish, these findings raise questions about whether microplastics in aquaculture could affect the safety of fish as human food.

2023 Aquatic Toxicology 76 citations
Article Tier 2

The impact of combined exposure to triphenyltin and microplastics on the oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and digestive function of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Exposing common carp to triphenyltin and microplastics individually and in combination found that combined exposure caused greater oxidative stress, disrupted energy metabolism more severely, and more strongly impaired digestive enzyme activity than either pollutant alone.

2025 Frontiers in Environmental Science
Article Tier 2

Antioxidants and molecular damage in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to microplastics

Researchers exposed juvenile Nile Tilapia to different concentrations of microplastics for 15 days followed by a recovery period. The study found dose-dependent increases in oxidative stress markers, DNA fragmentation, and altered protein patterns in fish exposed to microplastics. Evidence indicates that while fish exposed to the lowest concentration recovered after the treatment ended, higher doses caused more persistent damage.

2020 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 192 citations
Article Tier 2

A Biomarker Approach as Responses of Bioindicator Commercial Fish Species to Microplastic Ingestion: Assessing Tissue and Biochemical Relationships

Researchers assessed microplastic intake and antioxidant biomarker responses in three Mediterranean fish species, finding that microplastic ingestion correlated with oxidative stress indicators across red mullet, bogue, and anchovy populations.

2022 Biology 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Monitoring of Biochemical Effects of Phenol in the Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry

Researchers exposed juvenile carp to phenol — a common industrial pollutant found in wastewater — at different concentrations and measured its effects on protein, lipid, and energy stores in the fish. Higher phenol concentrations caused significant biochemical disruption in the carp. While not specifically about microplastics, phenol is often a co-contaminant with plastic-associated chemicals in polluted water bodies.

2021 AQUATIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Oxidative stress responses of microplastic-contaminated Gambusia affinis obtained from the Brantas River in East Java, Indonesia

Researchers examined oxidative stress biomarkers in wild Gambusia fish collected from the Brantas River in Indonesia and correlated them with microplastic contamination levels. They found elevated antioxidant enzyme activity in the gills and digestive tracts of fish from more polluted sites, indicating biological stress responses to microplastic exposure. The study provides field-based evidence linking microplastic pollution in tropical rivers to measurable physiological harm in native fish species.

2022 Chemosphere 41 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of microplastics, pesticides and nano-materials on fish health, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanism

This review examines how microplastics, pesticides, and nanoparticles harm fish by causing oxidative stress, DNA damage, immune system disruption, and changes in gut bacteria. Since contaminated fish is a major pathway for microplastics and pesticides to enter the human diet, declining fish health and quality directly affect food safety and human nutrition worldwide.

2023 Frontiers in Physiology 170 citations
Article Tier 2

Interaction of Microplastic Presence and Oxidative Stress in Freshwater Fish: A Regional Scale Research, East Anatolia of Türkiye (Erzurum & Erzincan & Bingöl)

Researchers found microplastics in multiple fish species from rivers in eastern Turkey, with black fragments and fibers predominating, and detected elevated oxidative stress markers in fish liver tissue, with the highest reactive oxygen species levels in fish from Bingöl province.

2022 Sustainability 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluating Silymarin Extract as a Potent Antioxidant Supplement in Diazinon-Exposed Rainbow Trout: Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameter Analysis

This study tested whether silymarin, a natural antioxidant from milk thistle, could protect rainbow trout from liver damage caused by the pesticide diazinon. Silymarin successfully reduced oxidative stress and restored many blood markers to normal levels in the exposed fish. While not directly about microplastics, the research is relevant because microplastics in water can carry pesticides like diazinon, and understanding protective compounds could help address the combined toxic effects of these pollutants on aquatic food sources.

2023 Toxics 52 citations
Article Tier 2

Molecular Integrity and Antioxidants Status of Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) Exposed to Indigofera tinctoria

This paper is not about microplastics; it examines oxidative stress and DNA damage in Nile tilapia exposed to the plant dye Indigofera tinctoria.

2023 Trends in Sciences
Article Tier 2

Toxic effects of microplastic (polyethylene) exposure: Bioaccumulation, hematological parameters and antioxidant responses in crucian carp, Carassius carassius

Researchers exposed crucian carp to polyethylene microplastics at various concentrations and found that the particles accumulated in tissues including gills, gut, and liver. The microplastics altered blood cell counts and disrupted the fish's antioxidant defense system in a dose-dependent manner. The study suggests that even common polyethylene microplastics can cause measurable biological harm in freshwater fish.

2023 Chemosphere 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxic effects of sub-acute microplastic (polyamide) exposure on the accumulation, hematological, and antioxidant responses in crucian carp, Carassius carassius

Researchers exposed crucian carp to various concentrations of polyamide microplastics for two weeks and found that the particles accumulated in the fish tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Higher concentrations caused significant changes in blood parameters including reduced red blood cell counts and altered antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating both physical stress and oxidative damage. The study identifies specific blood and enzyme markers that could serve as early warning indicators of microplastic exposure in freshwater fish.

2023 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 22 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Invertebrate responses to microplastic ingestion: Reviewing the role of the antioxidant system

Microplastic ingestion poses an oxidative challenge to invertebrates requiring upregulation of antioxidant defenses, but studies are limited to only seven taxa, dominated by polystyrene spheres <10 µm, and the lack of systematic experiments prevents identifying which specific microplastic characteristics drive the oxidative stress response.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 208 citations
Article Tier 2

The effects of exposure to microplastics on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic levels

Researchers exposed grass carp to microplastics at two concentrations for 21 days and observed liver damage, inhibited growth, and increased oxidative stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed over 1,500 differentially expressed genes related to immune response, metabolism, and cellular stress pathways. The study suggests that microplastic exposure can trigger broad physiological and molecular disruptions in freshwater fish.

2021 Chemosphere 54 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicological effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) ontogeny: A study on antioxidant system, oxidative stress and cholinergic system

Researchers exposed crickets (Gryllus assimilis) to a glyphosate-based herbicide throughout their entire life cycle and measured changes in antioxidant enzymes, cholinergic enzymes, and lipid peroxidation across five developmental stages. This is an insect ecotoxicology study about pesticide exposure — it is not about microplastics and is a false positive for microplastic relevance.

2023
Article Tier 2

Do microplastics induce oxidative stress in marine invertebrates?

This review examined whether marine invertebrates exposed to microplastics show evidence of oxidative stress — a common cellular response to toxic injury — finding support for this effect across multiple species and polymer types. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism by which microplastics may harm marine organisms.

2018 Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Oxidative stress and physiological impacts of microplastic and elevated temperatures on Odontesthes argentinensis larvae

Researchers exposed silver perch larvae to polystyrene microplastics at two temperatures (22°C and 26°C), finding bioaccumulation in larval tissues along with oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and growth inhibition—effects that worsened at higher temperatures.

2025 Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
Article Tier 2

Multi‐Biomarkers' Responses in Gills of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Glyphosate and Polyethylene Microplastic, Isolated and in Mixture

Researchers exposed tilapia fish to polyethylene microplastics and the herbicide glyphosate, both alone and in combination, and examined gill tissue for signs of damage. They found that the mixture of both contaminants caused more severe oxidative stress and tissue damage than either pollutant alone. The study suggests that microplastics and agricultural chemicals may interact in waterways to amplify harmful effects on fish health.

2024 Environmental Toxicology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics Exposure Causes Negligible Effects on the Oxidative Response Enzymes Glutathione Reductase and Peroxidase in the Oligochaete Tubifex tubifex

Researchers exposed the freshwater oligochaete Tubifex tubifex to polyethylene microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations, finding negligible effects on oxidative stress markers after the exposure period. The results suggest this bioindicator species may have some tolerance to microplastic exposure at tested concentrations.

2020 Toxics 39 citations
Article Tier 2

Physiological response and oxidative stress of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) under single and combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and cadmium

Researchers examined the individual and combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and cadmium on grass carp. The study found that fish mortality increased with higher concentrations and that the presence of microplastics elevated cadmium concentration effects, with combined exposure inducing greater oxidative stress than either contaminant alone.

2022 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 43 citations
Article Tier 2

Oxidative stress dynamics in Hyalella azteca under sub-chronic exposure to naturally aged polypropylene microplastics

Researchers exposed the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca to naturally aged polypropylene microplastics for up to 14 days followed by a 7-day recovery period. They found that the highest concentration caused significant mortality, while lower concentrations induced oxidative stress markers after 14 days of exposure. After the depuration period, biochemical damage levels were reduced, demonstrating that the organisms can partially recover once removed from the contaminated environment.

2025 Aquatic Toxicology 1 citations