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Human Health Effects
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Evaluating Silymarin Extract as a Potent Antioxidant Supplement in Diazinon-Exposed Rainbow Trout: Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameter Analysis
Toxics2023
52 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 60
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Federica Impellitteri,
Federica Impellitteri,
Federica Impellitteri,
Federica Impellitteri,
Federica Impellitteri,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Mahdi Banaee,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Federica Impellitteri,
Federica Impellitteri,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Federica Impellitteri,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Giuseppe Piccione,
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Federica Impellitteri,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Mahdi Banaee,
Caterina Faggio
Giuseppe Piccione,
Mahdi Banaee,
Giuseppe Piccione,
Giuseppe Piccione,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Mahdi Banaee,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Giuseppe Piccione,
Giuseppe Piccione,
Francesca Arfuso,
Caterina Faggio
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Giuseppe Piccione,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Giuseppe Piccione,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Cristiana Roberta Multisanti,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Giuseppe Piccione,
Mahdi Banaee,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Federica Impellitteri,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Giuseppe Piccione,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Summary
This study tested whether silymarin, a natural antioxidant from milk thistle, could protect rainbow trout from liver damage caused by the pesticide diazinon. Silymarin successfully reduced oxidative stress and restored many blood markers to normal levels in the exposed fish. While not directly about microplastics, the research is relevant because microplastics in water can carry pesticides like diazinon, and understanding protective compounds could help address the combined toxic effects of these pollutants on aquatic food sources.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diazinon on fish, focusing on hepatotoxic biomarkers and the potential protective effects of silymarin supplementation. One hundred eighty rainbow trout were randomly assigned to four groups: control, diazinon exposed (0.1 mg L<sup>-1</sup>), silymarin supplemented (400 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), and diazinon + silymarin. Blood samples and liver tissue were collected after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure to analyze biochemical parameters and oxidative biomarkers. Diazinon exposure in fish resulted in liver damage, as indicated by increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the hepatocytes. Silymarin showed the potential to mitigate this damage by reducing oxidative stress and restoring enzyme activities. Nevertheless, diazinon increased creatine phosphokinase activity, which may not be normalized by silymarin. Exposure to diazinon increased glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, whereas total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were significantly decreased in fish. However, silymarin controlled and maintained these levels within the normal range. Diazinon increased creatinine, urea, uric acid, and ammonia contents. Silymarin could regulate creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels while having limited effectiveness on ammonia excretion. Furthermore, diazinon increased malondialdehyde in hepatocytes, whereas administration of silymarin could restore normal malondialdehyde levels. Overall, silymarin showed potential as a therapeutic treatment for mitigating oxidative damage induced by diazinon in fish, but its effectiveness on creatine phosphokinase, glutathione reductase, and ammonia may be limited.