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The effects of exposure to microplastics on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic levels
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Researchers exposed grass carp to microplastics at two concentrations for 21 days and observed liver damage, inhibited growth, and increased oxidative stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed over 1,500 differentially expressed genes related to immune response, metabolism, and cellular stress pathways. The study suggests that microplastic exposure can trigger broad physiological and molecular disruptions in freshwater fish.
Microplastics (MPs) are pollutants that are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. Fish are directly exposed to water and are at risk of ingesting a large amount of MPs. In the present study, the grass carp were exposed to two concentrations of MPs (1000 and 100 μg/L) and fluorescence signals were detected in the liver digestion solution. Grass carp exposed to MPs for 21-days showed liver cytoplasmic vacuolation and inhibited growth. At the end of the exposure period, the fish treated with MPs exhibited inhibition of the antioxidant system and enhancement oxidative stress in comparison with the control group. The transcriptome analysis of grass carp was then performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of the response to MPs. In total, 1554 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The results of GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the DEGs identified energy metabolism-related pathways and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Taken together, the present study not only highlighted oxidative stress and metabolism disorders related to MP ingestion, but also determined the risk of MP exposure to teleost.
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Researchers used high-throughput sequencing to assess the impact of microplastics on crucian carp under both field and laboratory conditions. After four weeks of in-situ exposure, intestinal microplastic levels slightly increased, and transcriptome analysis revealed over 3,000 differentially expressed genes in the liver, with notable enrichment in pathways related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
Thirty Weeks of Microplastics Exposure Alters Muscle Quality in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) Revealed by Transcriptomics and Metabolomics
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Scientists exposed grass carp (a common food fish) to microplastics for 30 weeks and found that it altered hundreds of genes and chemical processes in the fish's muscle—the part we actually eat—leading to signs of stress, inflammation, and changes in tissue structure. Since microplastics are already widespread in rivers, lakes, and fish farms, this research suggests that long-term exposure could affect the quality and safety of fish on our plates, though more research is needed to understand what this means for people who eat them.
Toxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on transcriptional changes, biochemical response, and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
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Researchers exposed common carp to varying concentrations of polyethylene microplastics and assessed biochemical, oxidative, and gene expression changes. The study found that microplastic exposure caused significant oxidative stress, altered liver enzyme activity, and modified the expression of stress-related genes in a dose-dependent manner.
Adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater commercial fish, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Emphasis on physiological response and intestinal microbiome
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Researchers exposed grass carp to different sizes and concentrations of polystyrene microplastics for up to 14 days, followed by a depuration period, and assessed physiological and intestinal microbiome effects. The study found that microplastics caused histological damage, oxidative stress, and shifts in gut microbial communities, with smaller particles and higher concentrations producing more severe effects.
Exposure to microplastics induces lower survival, oxidative stress, disordered microbiota and altered metabolism in the intestines of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
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Grass carp exposed to environmental concentrations of microplastics (32-40 micrometers, 100 and 1000 micrograms per liter) for 21 days showed reduced survival, elevated oxidative stress markers, disrupted gut microbiota, and altered intestinal metabolism. Microplastics were detected in intestinal tissue at both concentrations, indicating accumulation and systemic effects.
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