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Article Tier 2

Adverse Health Effects of Plastics

This review summarizes the adverse health effects associated with plastic exposure, including endocrine disruption, inflammation, and potential carcinogenicity from plastic additives and microplastic particles. It provides an accessible overview of mechanisms by which plastics can harm human health across multiple organ systems.

2020 International Journal of Global Science Research 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health

This review examined how plastics enter the environment through poor disposal and fragmentation, then infiltrate food chains and human bodies via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The authors summarized health risks from both microplastic particles and their associated chemical additives, calling for stronger global policy responses.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Examination of plastic’s hazards to human health underway

This study examined the multiple health hazards that plastics pose to humans across their entire life cycle, from fossil fuel extraction used as feedstocks through everyday use and disposal, conducting a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of exposure pathways and associated health effects.

2022 C&EN Global Enterprise
Article Tier 2

Plastic and Human Health: A Micro Issue?

This review evaluates the potential human health impacts of microplastic exposure through food and air, drawing on evidence from particle toxicology and related fields. Researchers note that if inhaled or ingested, microplastics could accumulate in tissues and cause localized inflammation, while chemical additives and adsorbed pollutants may leach out and cause additional toxic effects. The paper emphasizes that chronic, long-term exposure is likely the greater concern, though current data on actual human exposure levels remains limited.

2017 Environmental Science & Technology 3060 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental and health hazards of chemicals in plastic polymers and products

Researchers reviewed the environmental and health hazards of chemicals in plastic polymers and products, examining the toxicological profiles of monomers, additives, and degradation products that can leach from plastics into food, water, and the environment. The study identifies numerous plastic-associated chemicals with endocrine-disrupting, carcinogenic, or developmental toxicity potential and calls for more comprehensive safety testing of plastic formulations.

2011 Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) 64 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing the environmental and health impacts of plastic production and recycling

This review summarizes how plastic production and recycling both contribute to pollution and health problems, noting that plastics contain chemical additives like phthalates and bisphenols linked to hormone disruption and reproductive issues. The authors highlight that even recycling generates some pollutants, and the growing accumulation of microplastics in food and water raises additional health concerns.

2024 World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 66 citations
Review Tier 2

Plastics, microplastics, and human contamination: A literature review

This literature review synthesizes research on human contamination by plastics and microplastics, covering ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes and summarizing documented health effects across organ systems.

2024 Seven Editora eBooks
Article Tier 2

Plastics and their additives reached the blood and tissue spaces: what are the possible consequences?

This review examines how microplastics and their chemical additives reach human blood and tissue spaces and discusses the potential health consequences of this exposure. The authors synthesize evidence on pathways by which microplastics enter biological systems via food chains and direct environmental exposure, and assess the range of health effects being documented in humans and animals, noting the field is still relatively new with serious to very serious impacts being identified.

2022 Exploratory Animal and Medical Research 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nano-plastics and Human Health

This review examines how everyday plastic items expose people to chemical additives, microplastics, and nanoplastics through eating, breathing, and skin contact, and summarizes the health risks associated with the most commonly encountered plastics. The authors argue that while research on environmental microplastic harm to human health is still limited, the scale of plastic production — projected to add 33 billion tonnes by 2050 — makes it an urgent public health concern.

2015 504 citations
Meta Analysis Tier 1

Umbrella Review: Impact of plastic-associated chemical exposure on human health.

This umbrella review pools evidence from multiple systematic reviews to assess how chemicals associated with plastics affect human health. The research examines exposure to plastic-related chemicals through food, water, air, and consumer products. This is one of the most comprehensive looks at the health impacts of plastic chemical exposure, covering effects that range from hormonal disruption to developmental concerns.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The Dangers of Plastics to Public Health: A Review

This review summarizes how plastics and the microplastics they degrade into enter biological systems, interact with tissues and organs, and cause harm. It calls for greater public awareness and action to reduce plastic pollution given its growing threat to public health.

2020 NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic: Its Effect on Human Health

This review outlines how microplastics from single-use packaging, bottles, and consumer goods enter the food chain through ingestion and inhalation, serving as carriers for toxic chemical additives and adsorbed pollutants that pose risks to human health.

2023 Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Particulate Plastics and Human Health

This book chapter reviews the pathways through which particulate plastics expose humans to toxic chemicals — including plastic additives and adsorbed environmental pollutants — via diet, drinking water, and inhalation. It summarizes evidence that microplastics and their associated contaminants accumulate through food chains and reach human tissues.

2020 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic and its Side Effects on Humans – A Review Article

This review examines the widespread use of plastics in daily life and their harmful side effects on human health, including the release of toxic chemicals like BPA and phthalates that act as endocrine disruptors and contribute to various diseases.

2023 Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 12 citations
Review Tier 2

A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health

This detailed review examines the potential health effects of microplastics and the chemical additives they contain, which can include plasticizers, flame retardants, and stabilizers. Researchers describe how humans are exposed to these hazardous chemicals through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact as microplastics break down in the environment. The study emphasizes that the combination of physical particle effects and chemical toxicity makes microplastics a uniquely complex health concern.

2020 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 1763 citations
Article Tier 2

Study of the Potential Impact of Microplastics and Additives on Human Health

This review examines the potential health impacts of microplastics and their chemical additives on humans, noting the difficulty of assessing risk due to the highly variable physical and chemical properties of microplastics. Researchers found that microplastics act as vectors for toxic chemicals in ecosystems, and that combined exposure to plastic particles and associated contaminants represents a complex stressor with poorly understood health consequences.

2022 Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Public Health

This public health paper reviewed the current state of knowledge on microplastics as an emerging health concern, covering exposure pathways, body burden, and potential disease associations. It concludes that while evidence is growing, definitive health impact data from human studies remains limited.

2024 Exon Publications eBooks
Article Tier 2

A Critical Review on Effect of Macro, Micro and Nanoplastics Pollution on Human Health and their Control Measures

This review covers the sources and health effects of macro, micro, and nanoplastic pollution, noting that plastics contain over 10,000 chemical additives that can migrate into food and the body. Researchers summarize evidence that plastic particles have been found in human tissues and organs, where they can cause damage through oxidative stress and inflammation. The study calls for stronger regulation of single-use plastics and better public awareness of the health risks associated with plastic exposure.

2024 Materials International 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Waste plastic management: Recycling and the environmental health nexus

Researchers reviewed plastic recycling methods and their health and environmental trade-offs, finding that mechanical recycling releases microplastics that can enter the body through inhalation and ingestion, and calling for smarter waste management systems and reduced use of toxic plastic additives.

2024 Cleaner Materials 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic pollution: why is it a public health problem?

This commentary argues that plastic pollution is a public health problem due to the widespread human exposure to microplastics and plastic-associated chemicals, calling for regulatory action to address the full lifecycle of plastics including production, use, and disposal.

2021 Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing the Levels of Awareness among European Citizens about the Direct and Indirect Impacts of Plastics on Human Health

Researchers surveyed European citizens across multiple countries about their awareness of direct and indirect health impacts of plastic pollution, finding that awareness of plastic's environmental harms was widespread but that knowledge of specific health risks — including those from microplastics and chemical additives — was much lower.

2021 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 44 citations