Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Assessing microplastic contamination in milk and dairy products

Researchers tested 28 dairy samples and found microplastics in all of them, with ripened cheese containing the highest levels at about 1,857 particles per kilogram, followed by fresh cheese and milk. The most common plastics found were PET, polyethylene, and polypropylene, likely coming from packaging materials, confirming that dairy products are another route of microplastic exposure for humans.

2025 npj Science of Food 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Debris in Yogurt: Occurrence, Characterization, and Implications for Human Health

Researchers tested both conventional and organic yogurt sold in Romanian supermarkets and found roughly 2,200 microplastic particles per kilogram in each type. The particles included both natural fibers and synthetic plastics like nylon, polyester, and polyethylene, likely introduced during processing and packaging. This study adds yogurt to the growing list of everyday foods through which people are unknowingly consuming microplastics.

2024 Journal of Science and Arts 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Heavy Metals in Milk: Analyses and Induced Health Risk Assessment

Researchers detected microplastics, cancer-linked PAH chemicals, and heavy metals in multiple brands of commercial and raw milk samples. The microplastics were mostly fibers made of polyamide, polyurethane, and polyester, and children were estimated to consume up to four times more microplastics per unit of body weight than adults through milk consumption, highlighting dairy as an overlooked exposure route.

2024 Foods 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Dairy Products: Occurrence, Characterization, Contamination Sources, Detection Methods, and Future Challenges

Researchers reviewed 17 studies on microplastic contamination in milk and dairy products and found concentrations ranging from undetectable to over 10,000 particles per kilogram, with baby milk powder showing the highest levels. The most common plastics found were polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, and polyester, including some types considered harmful to human health. The study highlights that dairy products are particularly susceptible to microplastic contamination from packaging, processing equipment, and the environment.

2025 Applied Sciences 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in commercial and traditional dairy products: occurrence, characteristics, and potential risk

Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in 15 widely consumed dairy products from Bangladesh, including industrial and traditional items. The study found microplastic concentrations ranging from about 1,600 to over 5,100 particles per kilogram, with fibers and polyethylene being the dominant types largely attributed to packaging. Estimated daily intakes varied significantly by age, with children facing higher exposure per body weight than adults.

2026 Current Research in Food Science
Article Tier 2

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in milk samples

Researchers analyzed microplastics in milk samples collected from branded products, dairies, and directly from cow sheds. They found microplastic particles present in the milk samples, with fibers being among the identified types. The study raises awareness about a potential dietary exposure pathway for microplastics through commonly consumed dairy products.

2024 Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU) 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Brazilian milk: isolation and characterization

Brazilian researchers isolated and characterized microplastics from commercial milk samples, finding particles in all tested products across multiple polymer types, and raising concerns about microplastic contamination of dairy products through packaging and processing environments.

2024 LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Article Tier 2

Characterization of microplastics in skim-milk powders

Researchers tested 16 skim-milk powder samples from eight European countries and found microplastics in every single one, identifying 536 plastic particles across 29 different polymer types. The most common plastics found were polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and PET, suggesting widespread contamination of dairy products that could contribute to human microplastic intake.

2024 Journal of Dairy Science 41 citations
Article Tier 2

Süt Ve Süt Ürünleri̇nde Mi̇kroplasti̇k Varliği, Sağlik Üzeri̇ne Etki̇leri̇ Ve Mi̇kroplasti̇k Ayirma Yöntemleri̇

This review examines the presence of microplastics in milk and dairy products, the analytical separation methods used to detect them, and potential health effects associated with dairy-sourced microplastic exposure. The authors discuss how plastics used in dairy packaging and processing equipment degrade into microparticles that contaminate food products, posing a global public health concern.

2024 GIDA / THE JOURNAL OF FOOD
Article Tier 2

Microplastic in milk and dairy products: Research quality, abundance, sources, and transfer mechanisms

Researchers systematically reviewed evidence on microplastic contamination in milk and dairy products, applying quality control scoring to assess data reliability across studies. They found widespread MP contamination in dairy products with packaging and processing environments as primary sources, though inconsistent methods make quantitative comparisons difficult.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in dairy products and human breast milk: Contamination status and greenness analysis of available analytical methods

Researchers reviewed the contamination of dairy products and human breast milk with microplastics, finding concentrations as high as 2,590 microplastic particles per liter, while also noting that most current detection methods are not environmentally safe or standardized. The findings call for stricter food safety regulations and greener analytical tools to track microplastic contamination in foods consumed from infancy.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification of Microplastics as Emerging Contaminant in Branded Milk of Tamil Nadu State, India

Researchers analyzed 16 samples from 13 branded milk products sold in Tamil Nadu, India, and found microplastic particles including polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyacrylamide in all samples. The particles were smaller than 500 micrometers, and contamination levels varied across brands. The findings suggest that plastic packaging may be a source of microplastic contamination in commercially available dairy products.

2022 Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences 43 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination of milk and milk products in Bangladesh: Characterization, dietary exposure, and risk assessment

Researchers analyzed raw, branded, and processed milk samples in Bangladesh and found microplastic contamination in all types, with branded milk containing the highest average concentration at about 156 particles per 100 mL. Children showed higher dietary exposure than adults, and the dominant particles were small transparent fibers made of polymers including PTFE, PET, and nylon, highlighting the need for monitoring and regulation in the milk supply chain.

2026 LWT
Article Tier 2

Identification and occurrence of microplastics in drinking water bottles and milk packaging consumed by humans daily

Researchers found microplastics in both drinking water bottles and milk packets sold for daily human consumption, identifying polymers like polypropylene and polyamide in various shapes and colors. The contamination likely occurs during manufacturing or packaging, meaning that routine food and beverage consumption is a direct route of microplastic exposure for people.

2025 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastics in Raw Milk from Smallholder Dairy Farms in Northeastern Thailand

Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in raw milk from smallholder dairy farms in Northeastern Thailand. Analysis of hand-milked and bulk tank samples revealed the presence of microplastic particles across multiple farms, suggesting that raw milk may represent a potential dietary exposure pathway for microplastics in both animals and humans.

2026 Animals
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Foods and Beverages

This review examines microplastic contamination across a wide range of food and beverage products, describing the detection techniques used to identify microplastic particles and summarizing findings on which products are most affected. The authors also discuss the potential health consequences of human dietary microplastic ingestion.

2024 Repository of the Faculty of Food Technology Osijek
Article Tier 2

Food Contamination with Micro-plastics: Occurrences, Bioavailability,Human Vulnerability, and Prevention

The study reviews the occurrence, bioavailability, and potential health impacts of microplastics in food, noting that contamination has been detected in foodstuffs and beverages worldwide. Researchers highlight that current data on dietary microplastic exposure remains insufficient for comprehensive risk assessment, and call for standardized methodologies to better evaluate the threat to human health.

2023 Current Nutrition & Food Science 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination of Dairy and Bakery Products: Sources and Effects on Human Health—A Review

This review examines how microplastics contaminate dairy and bakery products through packaging materials, processing equipment, and environmental exposure during production. Researchers found that these commonly consumed foods are increasingly vulnerable to microplastic contamination from multiple sources throughout the supply chain. The study highlights the need for more research into the long-term health effects of ingesting microplastics through everyday food products.

2025 Food Safety and Health 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the commercially available branded milk in Bangladesh: An emerging threat for human health

Researchers found microplastics in all 25 commercially available milk brands tested in Bangladesh, with powdered milk containing more particles than liquid milk. Children were estimated to be exposed to 3.4 times more microplastics than adults through milk consumption, raising concerns about the health impacts of early-life microplastic exposure through a staple food.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 45 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination in food products: Occurrence, analytical techniques and potential impacts on human health

Researchers reviewed the occurrence of microplastics in a wide range of food products — including drinking water, seafood, honey, salt, and vegetables — and the health effects of ingesting them, which include inflammation, gut microbiome disruption, hormone disruption, and increased cancer risk. The review calls for standardized detection methods and a multi-pronged strategy combining source reduction, better recycling, and biodegradable plastic alternatives.

2024 Current Research in Biotechnology 72 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in a Traditional Turkish Dairy Product: Ayran

Researchers tested traditional Turkish ayran, a yogurt-based beverage, and found microplastic contamination at multiple stages of production, from ingredients like water and salt to packaging materials. Fibers and fragments were the most common particle types detected across all samples. The study highlights that even traditional dairy products can be a source of human microplastic ingestion through contaminated ingredients and processing.

2023 Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics detection from packaged milk: Estimation, diagnosis of probable sources, evaluation of dietary exposure, pollution load, and risk assessment

Researchers tested commercially packaged milk in India and found it contained up to four times more microplastics than fresh farm milk, with low-density polyethylene from packaging being the main source. The study estimates that infants face the highest relative exposure due to their body weight and milk consumption, raising particular concerns about health risks for the youngest consumers.

2025 Food and Chemical Toxicology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as Emerging Food Contaminants: A Challenge for Food Safety

This review examines microplastics as an emerging contaminant in the food supply, covering how they enter the food chain, their characteristics, and the challenges of assessing their health risks. Researchers found that while microplastics have been detected in a wide range of food products, current scientific data is insufficient to complete a thorough risk assessment of dietary exposure. The study calls for standardized detection methods and more research to establish safe exposure thresholds for microplastics in food.

2022 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 113 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nano-plastic contamination in foods and potential risk to human health

This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about micro- and nanoplastic contamination in food, covering sources, occurrence, and analytical detection methods. Researchers found that while various foods, especially seafood, contain measurable levels of microplastics, the health risks to humans remain difficult to assess due to inconsistent research methods. The study calls for standardized approaches to better evaluate dietary exposure and potential health impacts.

2025 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2 citations