Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Tools for monitoring toxicological and genotoxicological changes in a drinking water treatment plant in Northeast Italy

Researchers used multiple bioassays including Daphnia, algae, and human leukocytes to monitor toxicological changes in a drinking water treatment plant in northeast Italy treating fluorinated compound-contaminated groundwater. While standard chemical parameters met regulatory limits, some biological tests detected residual toxicity after treatment, highlighting the value of bioassays for water safety assessment.

2022 Water and Environment Journal 15 citations
Article Tier 2

A Low-Cost Electrochemical Cell Sensor Based on MWCNT-COOH/α-Fe2O3 for Toxicity Detection of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts

A low-cost electrochemical sensor based on MWCNT-COOH/α-Fe2O3 was developed to detect toxicity of drinking water disinfection byproducts, offering a simpler and faster alternative to traditional bioassays for assessing health risks in treated water supplies.

2025 Nanomaterials
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of Surface Water Quality with Biochemical Assays

Researchers evaluated two rapid, low-cost biochemical assays — a peroxidase toxicity test and a pyruvate-glyoxalate pathway assay — for assessing surface water quality near urban areas. Both assays effectively detected contamination in field samples, offering a faster alternative to conventional water quality monitoring.

2025 Advances in Earth and Environmental Science
Review Tier 2

A review on the detection of micro and nano plastics in drinking water

This review assessed detection methods for micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water, covering both tap and bottled water where these contaminants have been widely documented. The authors evaluated current analytical techniques and identified gaps in standardized monitoring approaches.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Review Tier 2

A review on the detection of micro and nano plastics in drinking water

This review covered detection methodologies for micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water, including both tap and bottled water sources. The authors synthesized current analytical approaches and highlighted the need for standardized methods across studies.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Review Tier 2

Human Exposures to Micro- and Nanoplastics in Water and Data Needed to Understand Potential Health Effects—A-State of the Science Review

This review assessed the current evidence on human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water, tap water, and bottled water. Researchers found that the lack of standardized sampling and analytical methods makes accurate comparisons between studies difficult, and that current water treatment systems are not designed to remove these particles. The study identifies critical data gaps that need to be addressed before reliable health risk assessments can be conducted.

2025 Microplastics 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of chlorine and UV/H2O2 on microplastics in drinking water

Using chlorine and UV/hydrogen peroxide at dosages realistic for actual drinking water treatment plants, this study assessed whether standard disinfection processes alter microplastics in tap water. The work addresses a critical public health question — whether the water treatment people rely on to make tap water safe actually removes or changes the microplastics that have been detected in treated drinking water.

2024 Environmental Science Water Research & Technology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Screening of municipal effluents with the peroxidase toxicity assay

This study screened municipal effluents using a peroxidase toxicity assay, quantifying the combined oxidative stress potential of wastewater discharges and evaluating whether treatment reduces this form of biological toxicity.

2024
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Drinking Water

This review examines published evidence on microplastic presence in tap water, bottled water, and drinking water treatment plants, summarizing known pathways by which microplastics enter drinking water supplies and discussing potential human health impacts and future research priorities.

2025
Systematic Review Tier 1

Microplastics in water, from treatment process to drinking water: analytical methods and potential health effects

This systematic review examines how microplastics travel through the water treatment process from raw water sources to your tap and bottled water. The researchers present methods for detecting these particles and assess potential health impacts of drinking microplastic-contaminated water. The findings suggest that current water treatment may not fully remove microplastics, meaning ongoing low-level exposure through drinking water is likely.

2022 Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and nanoplastics contamination in raw and treated water

Researchers analyzed 189 samples of raw, tap, and bottled drinking water for micro- and nanoplastic contamination. They found plastic particles in every sample tested, with raw water sources containing the highest concentrations and treated tap water containing the lowest, though contamination was never fully eliminated. The study suggests that current water treatment processes reduce but do not completely remove plastic particles from drinking water.

2023 Water Science & Technology Water Supply 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoparticles in drinking water: Assessing health risks and regulatory challenges

Researchers reviewed health risks from nanoparticles — including nanoplastics, silver, and titanium dioxide — in drinking water, finding they can cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, and immune toxicity, while also evaluating treatment technologies such as reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation that achieve high removal efficiencies.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 75 citations
Article Tier 2

A solution for controling microplastics in drinking water

Researchers developed and tested a system for controlling microplastic contamination in drinking water, reporting on removal efficiency at levels relevant to public health. The approach offered effective microplastic reduction from drinking water sources including tap and bottled water.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in drinking water

This review examines what is known about microplastic contamination in both tap and bottled drinking water around the world. Researchers found that while microplastics have been detected in drinking water at many locations, the reported concentrations vary enormously, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about relative risk. The study highlights the urgent need for standardized sampling and analysis methods to produce reliable and comparable data on microplastics in the water we drink.

2021 Current Opinion in Toxicology 117 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Source of Microplastics Contamination in Drinking Water and Performance of Water Treatment Plants in Removing Microplastics

This review summarizes evidence that microplastics are present in both tap water and bottled water worldwide, with bottled water frequently contaminated by particles shed from the plastic packaging itself. Conventional water treatment plants remove between 40% and 93% of microplastics but cannot eliminate them entirely, meaning treated drinking water still carries measurable plastic loads. The chapter highlights the irony that plastic packaging intended to deliver clean water is itself a major source of microplastic contamination.

2023
Review Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination in Drinking Water: A Review

This review summarized current research on microplastic contamination in drinking water, covering detection methods, occurrence data, and health implications. The authors found microplastics widely present in tap and bottled water worldwide and noted that conventional treatment processes remove them incompletely, raising ongoing concerns about chronic low-level human ingestion.

2025 Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy
Article Tier 2

Identifying microplastic contamination in drinking water: analysis and evaluation using spectroscopic methods

Researchers developed analytical methods to identify and quantify microplastic contamination in drinking water, evaluating extraction efficiency and detection accuracy across different water types and plastic particle sizes. The study assessed health implications based on measured plastic loads in treated water.

2024 Interdisciplinary Environmental Review
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Drinking Water: Assessing Occurrence and Potential Risks

This review paper examines how widespread microplastics are in drinking water — from rivers and lakes to groundwater — and what health risks this contamination may pose. The authors call for urgent research into how microplastics move through water treatment systems and ultimately reach taps, emphasizing that current sampling and analytical methods are inconsistent, making it hard to compare studies or set safety thresholds. For people drinking tap or bottled water daily, understanding and regulating this exposure pathway is a pressing public health priority.

2023 Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation with exposure of emerging disinfection byproduct 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone in mice

Mice exposed to 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone, a disinfection byproduct found in drinking water, experienced oxidative stress and lipid damage in the liver and kidneys. Disinfection byproducts can form when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water, including chemicals leached from plastics, raising concerns about combined exposures in tap water.

2021 Research Square (Research Square) 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Drinking Water:Current Knowledge, Quality Assuranceand Future Directions

This review synthesizes current knowledge on microplastics in drinking water, covering their occurrence in source waters, behavior during treatment processes, and potential health implications. Researchers found that while drinking water treatment plants remove a portion of microplastics, standardized quality assurance methods are still lacking. The study calls for improved monitoring protocols and treatment technologies to better address microplastic contamination in tap water.

2024 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 3 citations
Article Tier 2

An Efficient Method for Testing the Quality of Drinking-Water Filters Used for Home Necessities

This paper presents a straightforward method for testing the efficiency of home drinking water filters using optical microscopy and particle counting. The results are relevant to understanding whether common household filters can reduce microplastic concentrations in tap water.

2022 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 4 citations
Article Tier 2

The application of different methods for indirect microbial development assessment in pilot scale drinking water biofilters

Researchers evaluated methods for monitoring biofilm growth in biological activated carbon filters used in drinking water treatment. Different indirect measurement approaches varied in accuracy and practicality. Reliable biofilm monitoring is important for maintaining filter performance and ensuring treated water is free from microbial and chemical contaminants.

2023 Archives of Environmental Protection 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Drinking Water Systems as a Cocktail of Emerging Organic Contaminants: Occurrence, Public Health Risks, and Research Needs

This review synthesized the occurrence of emerging organic contaminants in drinking water systems worldwide, highlighting the public health risks of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and industrial chemicals in treated drinking water and calling for improved monitoring.

2023 Preprints.org 5 citations
Article Tier 2

A standard analytical approach and establishing criteria for microplastic concentrations in wastewater, drinking water and tap water

This study proposes standardized methods and concentration benchmarks for measuring microplastics in wastewater, drinking water, and tap water. The researchers found that current studies use widely varying techniques, making it difficult to compare results or set safety limits. Establishing consistent measurement standards is a critical first step toward determining what levels of microplastics in drinking water may pose risks to human health.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 36 citations