Papers

61,005 results
|
Article Tier 2

Detection and formation mechanisms of secondary nanoplastic released from drinking water bottles

Researchers measured nanoplastic release from drinking water bottle caps during simulated opening and closing cycles and detected particles ranging from hundreds of nanometers to about one micrometer. The study found that mechanical stress during normal bottle use degrades the polyethylene sealing material, releasing nanoplastics into the water and altering their properties in ways that complicate detection.

2022 Water Research 52 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic release from baby feeding bottles according to different application conditions

Researchers tested microplastic release from eleven baby feeding bottles of varying materials under multiple realistic use conditions including sterilization, shaking at different temperatures, long-term mechanical stress, and repeated cap handling, using Nile Red staining and fluorescence microscopy supplemented by µRaman spectroscopy. Results showed that bottle brand was a stronger predictor of MP release than bottle material, with temperature and mechanical stress also influencing particle release.

2022 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Everyday storage and handling of PET bottled water increase human exposure to nano- and microplastics: Influence of socio-economic factors

Researchers tested eight major U.S. bottled water brands and found that everyday conditions like heat exposure and shaking dramatically increased nano- and microplastic release from PET bottles, with nanoparticle concentrations rising over ninefold under combined heat and agitation. A survey of over 1,600 people in Nebraska revealed that higher awareness of microplastics and education levels correlated with behaviors that reduce exposure, such as avoiding bottled water storage in hot conditions.

2026 Water Research
Article Tier 2

Photodegradation-driven microparticle release from commercial plastic water bottles

Researchers exposed seventy PET plastic water bottles to sunlight for ten weeks and measured the microparticles released into the water as the plastic degraded. They found that microparticle concentrations built up to 14-20 micrograms per liter within the first 30 days before plateauing, and that thinner-walled bottles with higher crystallinity released fewer particles. The study demonstrates that sunlight-driven degradation of plastic bottles is a meaningful source of microplastics in bottled drinking water.

2025 Soft Matter 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Release of Nanoplastics from Polypropylene Food Containers into Hot and Cold Water

Researchers tested polypropylene food storage containers and found they release both nanoplastics and microplastics into water, with significantly higher amounts released when hot water at 90 degrees Celsius was used compared to room temperature. The nanoplastics ranged from 122 to 397 nanometers in size and were chemically confirmed as polypropylene. The study provides direct evidence of nanoplastic exposure from everyday food container use and highlights the importance of including these tiny particles in health risk assessments.

2025 Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Does mechanical stress cause microplastic release from plastic water bottles?

Researchers tested whether squeezing and repeated opening of PET water bottles releases microplastics into the contained water, finding that while the inner bottle wall was not a significant source under mechanical stress, repeated opening and closing substantially increased particle shedding from the bottleneck-cap interface.

2019 Water Research 357 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure to micro(nano)plastics polymers in water stored in single-use plastic bottles.

Researchers quantified micro(nano)plastics ranging from 700 nm to 20 µm in bottled water from 20 popular Spanish brands, assessing daily consumer exposure risk and raising concern about the widespread presence of plastic polymer particles in single-use bottled water.

2023 Chemosphere
Article Tier 2

Impact of Polymer Type, Storage Temperature, and Holding Times on the Release of Micro- and Nanoplastics from Food Packaging

Researchers assessed how polymer type, storage temperature, and holding time affect the release of micro- and nanoplastics from polystyrene, polypropylene, and PET food packaging. Higher temperatures and longer storage times significantly increased MNP release, with PS releasing more particles than PP or PET.

2025 ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University)
Article Tier 2

A Comparative Study About the Amount of Microplastic in Polyethylene Terephtalate (pet) Drinking Water That Was Exposed and Not Exposed by Sun at Environmental Health Laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang at the Year 2020

Researchers compared the amount of microplastics released from different brands and conditions of PET water bottles, finding that UV exposure and bottle age affect how many particles leach into the water. This study highlights bottled water as a direct route of microplastic ingestion for consumers.

2020 Buletin Keslingmas 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigating the pollution of bottled water by the microplastics (MPs): the effects of mechanical stress, sunlight exposure, and freezing on MPs release

Researchers analyzed 23 popular Iranian brands of bottled water and found microplastic contamination in all samples, averaging about 1,500 particles per liter with over 90 percent smaller than 10 micrometers. Mechanical stress on bottles significantly increased microplastic release, while sunlight exposure caused the most polymer degradation. The study indicates that regardless of brand or source, bottled water contains hundreds to thousands of microplastic particles per liter.

2022 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 47 citations
Article Tier 2

Unbottling the risk: Microplastic release and health hazards from bottled drinks

Researchers measured microplastic contamination in 14 commercial beverages—including water, milk, cola, juice, and vinegar—under varied temperature and storage conditions, and assessed toxicological risks. Microplastic concentrations varied significantly by beverage type and storage conditions, with higher temperatures and longer storage times increasing particle release from packaging materials.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment
Article Tier 2

Detection of microplastics in commercial bottled mineral water

Researchers tested microplastic leaching from 18 commercially bottled mineral water samples under temperature and mechanical stress conditions, finding that high heat (60°C) and shaking produced more microplastic particles than room-temperature static conditions. Fragments, fibers, filaments, and films were all observed, and reusability testing showed repeated use under stress increased leaching.

2025 Padova Digital University Archive (Ateneo di Padova)
Article Tier 2

Release Characteristics of Small-Sized Microplastics in Bottled Drinks Using Flow Cytometry Sorting and Nile Red Staining

Researchers used flow cytometry combined with fluorescent dye staining to detect very small microplastics released from PET drinking bottles under different environmental conditions. They found that sunlight exposure and alkaline conditions significantly increased the release of particles in the 1-5 micrometer size range. The study suggests that outdoor use and storage conditions for bottled drinks can substantially influence microplastic contamination levels.

2024 Water 8 citations
Article Tier 2

The Effect of Different Storage Conditions for Refilled Plastic Drink Bottles on the Concentration of Microplastic Release in Water

Researchers investigated microplastic release from reused plastic water bottles under different storage conditions and timeframes, finding that bottle reuse and prolonged storage increase the concentration of microplastics released into the contained water.

2022 Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of microplastics released from plastic take-out food containers based on thermal properties and morphology study

Researchers found that plastic take-out food containers made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and expanded polystyrene release microplastics into hot water, with over 96% of particles smaller than 10 micrometers and concentrations varying by material type and temperature.

2022 Food Additives & Contaminants Part A 29 citations
Article Tier 2

New threats in food products: micro- and nanoplastics are food and water contaminants

This review examines micro- and nanoplastics as emerging food and water contaminants, covering how small synthetic polymer particles pass through filter systems and enter bottled water and beverages. It summarizes evidence of their environmental persistence and potential toxicity, and calls for research on their degradation patterns in different media to better assess food safety risks.

2025 Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products)
Article Tier 2

Sampling, Identification and Characterization of Microplastics Release from Polypropylene Baby Feeding Bottle during Daily Use

Polypropylene baby feeding bottles released thousands to millions of microplastic particles per milliliter under standard preparation and sterilization conditions, with higher temperatures and agitation increasing shedding, confirming that formula preparation using PP bottles is a significant microplastic exposure pathway for infants.

2021 Journal of Visualized Experiments 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Release of Nanoplasticsfrom Polypropylene Food Containersinto Hot and Cold Water

Researchers investigated the release of nanoplastics (particles <1 µm) from Australian polypropylene food containers into both hot and cold water. Hot water exposure substantially increased nanoplastic release compared to cold water, raising concerns about food safety when heating food in plastic containers.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Time-dependent release kinetics of nano plastics from disposable cups

Researchers investigated how nanoplastics leach from disposable polystyrene cups over time, characterizing the kinetics of particle release as a function of temperature and exposure duration. The study found that even common single-use cups release nanoplastic particles into beverages, representing a direct human exposure route.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Prevalence and health risks of microplastics in bottled water and beverages: A food safety concern

This review consolidates evidence on microplastic contamination in bottled water and commercial beverages, finding concentrations ranging from a handful to several hundred particles per liter depending on packaging material and beverage type. The most commonly detected polymers were PET, polypropylene, and polyethylene, primarily from bottle degradation and bottling processes, with children and frequent consumers facing increased exposure.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Plastics 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigate the presence of plastic particles in bottled and reused water bottles for several times and medical feeder bottles

Researchers detected microplastics in bottled water, particularly in bottles that were reused multiple times or exposed to direct sunlight. PET bottles leached more microplastic particles under heat and UV stress, and particle counts increased with reuse cycles. This study highlights sunlight and mechanical wear as key factors increasing microplastic contamination in drinking water.

2022 Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of ultraviolet and thermal degradations of four common microplastics and evidence of nanoparticle release

Researchers studied how UV light and elevated temperature break down four common plastics and found that weathering releases nanoscale plastic particles. Polystyrene and polypropylene were particularly susceptible to UV degradation, generating significant numbers of nanoparticles. The findings confirm that environmental conditions actively fragment microplastics into even smaller, potentially more harmful nanoplastics.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters 49 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastic release from disposable plastics: Correlation with maximum service temperature

Testing five types of disposable plastics confirmed that nanoplastic release correlates with maximum service temperature, with materials used beyond their temperature limits releasing significantly more nanoplastics when packaging hot food, cooking in ovens, or using microwaves.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Time-dependent release kinetics of nano plastics from disposable cups

This study investigated the time-dependent leaching of nanoplastics from disposable polystyrene cups into hot beverages, quantifying particle release as a function of contact duration and temperature. Results showed cups release nanoplastics over time at levels that represent a direct and repeated human ingestion exposure.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)