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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Microplastics, the Trojan Horse Paradigm: Barriers to Traditional Toxicological Risk Assessment and Opportunities for NAMs.
ClearMicroplastics, the Trojan Horse Paradigm: Barriers to Traditional Toxicological Risk Assessment and Opportunities for NAMs.
This review argued that microplastics behave like a "Trojan horse," carrying adsorbed chemicals into biological systems in ways that undermine traditional toxicological risk assessment frameworks. The authors identified key gaps in exposure data and toxicokinetics and proposed that new approach methodologies (NAMs) are needed to adequately assess microplastic hazards.
Paradigms to assess the human health risks of nano- and microplastics
Researchers proposed a new, comprehensive framework for assessing the health risks of nano- and microplastics (tiny plastic particles), addressing key gaps in how we analyze these particles, model their behavior, and use that information to protect human health — since no such standard risk assessment system currently exists.
A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment.
This critical review examines the current methods for detecting and characterizing micro- and nanoplastics in various environmental samples, as well as reported toxic effects from in vivo and in vitro studies. The authors found that while substantial effort has been made to understand microplastic behavior, the scientific community is still far from a complete understanding of how these particles behave in biological systems. The review calls for improved standardized protocols and more studies focused on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution.
Microplastic toxicity: mechanisms, assessment methods, and future research directions
This review synthesizes current knowledge on microplastic toxicity mechanisms, integrating physical, chemical, and biological pathways into a unified framework. Researchers examined assessment methods across aquatic organisms, terrestrial species, and human cell models, identifying critical knowledge gaps and recommending standardized approaches for future microplastic toxicity research.
Combined toxicity of micro/nanoplastics loaded with environmental pollutants to organisms and cells: Role, effects, and mechanism
This review of 162 articles found that micro/nanoplastics act as vectors transporting heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, drugs, bacteria, and viruses into organisms, with combined exposure often increasing toxicity beyond individual pollutant effects. Nanoplastics' 'Trojan horse' effect specifically increased the bioaccessibility of environmental pollutants, elevating carcinogenic risk to humans.
Trojan horse effects of microplastics: A mini-review about their role as a vector of organic and inorganic compounds in several matrices
This review examines the 'Trojan horse' role of microplastics as vectors for organic and inorganic pollutants, finding that adsorption follows Freundlich models and that contaminant transfer to organisms is species-specific, with some species showing increased and others decreased toxicant bioavailability.
Potential Health Risks of Micro-Nanoplastics and Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Review of Exposure Pathways and Toxic Effects
This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics can enhance the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants through a Trojan horse effect, leading to combined inflammatory, cellular, and metabolic toxic effects that threaten human health beyond what either contaminant causes alone.
Leveraging nanoparticle environmental health and safety research in the study of micro- and nano-plastics
Researchers argue that two decades of research on the environmental health and safety of engineered nanomaterials provides a strong foundation for studying micro- and nanoplastics. They outline how lessons from nano-safety research apply to understanding plastic particle toxicity, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and environmental behavior. The study emphasizes that existing tools and methodologies from nanotoxicology can accelerate progress in assessing the risks of particulate plastic pollution.
Oral exposure to micro- and nanoplastics: Developing a modular and flexible risk assessment framework for human health
Researchers proposed a modular and flexible risk assessment framework for evaluating the human health risks of oral exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. The framework integrates modern concepts such as Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment and Adverse Outcome Pathways, providing a systematic method for addressing the complexity and diversity of these materials.
How problems with microplastics in research and application can be overcome
This methodological review addressed common problems in micro- and nanoplastic research, including challenges in hazard identification, exposure assessment, and risk characterization arising from the complex mixture nature of MNPs. The authors proposed practical solutions and standardization approaches to improve the reliability of microplastic risk assessments.
What Does the “Trojan Horse” Carry? The Pollutants Associated with Microplastics/Nanoplastics in Water Environments
Microplastics act as tiny "Trojan horses" in water, carrying toxic chemical additives like plasticizers, flame retardants, and stabilizers that leach out as the plastic breaks down. These additives can build up in living organisms and pose risks to human health. This review maps out what we currently know about these hitchhiking pollutants and identifies major gaps in our understanding of how they behave in aquatic environments.
Getting a grip on microplastics’ risks
This review examines the current state of microplastic risk assessment, noting that tiny plastic particles have been detected in water, food, air, human blood, lung tissue, and stool, yet their risks to human health and the environment remain unclear. The authors draw parallels with challenges faced in nanotoxicology and discuss how lessons from that field could improve methods for studying microplastic toxicity and exposure.
Toxicity Mechanism, Exposure Pathways, and Environmental Risk Assessment of Microplastic Pollution
This book chapter reviews the toxicity mechanisms and exposure pathways of microplastics in aquatic environments, examining how MPs cause harm through physical ingestion, chemical leaching, and facilitation of co-contaminant transport, and discussing frameworks for environmental risk assessment.
Microplastics as a Vector of Hazardous Contaminants: Plastic Chemicals, Digestive Physiology and the Need for Chemical Simplification
This review explored how microplastics serve as vectors for hazardous chemicals, distinguishing between plastic-associated chemicals added during manufacturing and environmental pollutants adsorbed onto particle surfaces. The authors argue that the chemical burden of ingested microplastics warrants much more rigorous toxicological assessment.
Transport of micro- and nanoplastics in the environment: Trojan-Horse effect for organic contaminants
This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics act as carriers for organic contaminants in the environment, a phenomenon known as the Trojan-Horse effect. Researchers found that these tiny plastic particles can adsorb both their own chemical additives and external pollutants, transporting them across ecosystems through water, air, and soil. The study suggests that the ability of microplastics to concentrate and deliver harmful chemicals to organisms may amplify their environmental and health impacts beyond the effects of the plastic particles alone.
Impact of Microplastics on the Environment and Its Mitigation
This review examines the environmental and biological hazards of microplastics across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, covering their classification as fibers, flakes, fragments, granules, and spheres, their capacity to carry toxic chemicals, and their sorption-desorption dynamics. The authors identify significant gaps in analytical methodology and biological impact data, calling for novel mitigation strategies to address the long-term ecological risks of this emerging contaminant.
Gaps in aquatic toxicological studies of microplastics
This paper identifies key gaps in aquatic toxicological studies of microplastics, arguing that most studies use unrealistic concentrations or particle types and calling for more ecologically relevant experimental designs to better assess real-world risks.
Review of Recent Advances in Microplastic Ecological Risk Assessment: From Problem Formulation to Risk Characterization
This review of existing research shows that tiny plastic particles called microplastics are contaminating our environment and food chain, carrying harmful chemicals and pollutants that can end up in our bodies. Scientists still don't fully understand how dangerous these microplastics are to human health or how they move through the food we eat, from fish to drinking water. The researchers say we need better methods to study these risks so we can protect people and create policies to reduce plastic pollution.
Methodologies to characterize, identify and quantify nano- and sub-micron sized plastics in relevant media for human exposure: a critical review
This review critically evaluated methodologies for characterizing, identifying, and quantifying nano- and sub-micron sized plastics in media relevant to human exposure, highlighting analytical gaps and the need for standardized approaches.
Solving Familiar Problems: Leveraging Environmental Testing Methods for Nanomaterials to Evaluate Microplastics and Nanoplastics
This paper argues that existing environmental testing frameworks developed for nanomaterials can be adapted to evaluate the risks of microplastics and nanoplastics, rather than building entirely new regulatory approaches from scratch. The authors outline how standard ecotoxicological methods could be leveraged to more efficiently characterize plastic particle hazards.
Current understanding of microplastics in the environment: Occurrence, fate, risks, and what we should do
This review synthesizes current knowledge on microplastic occurrence, environmental fate, and risk across marine, freshwater, and atmospheric compartments, noting that both the physical particles and the chemicals they carry pose hazards. The authors call for a more integrated risk assessment framework that treats microplastics as both a pollutant and a carrier of other pollutants.
Microplastic Exposure and Human Health: Advancing Risk Assessment and Future Research Directions
This review synthesizes recent evidence that microplastics are present in human blood, respiratory tissue, placenta, and gut, examines proposed toxicological mechanisms, and identifies priorities for improving risk assessment frameworks and exposure measurement methods.
Health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics: key influencing factors, limitations, and future perspectives
This review systematically analyzed how the physicochemical properties of micro- and nanoplastics — including size, shape, surface charge, and polymer type — determine their toxicological impacts across biological systems. The authors argue that property-based frameworks are essential for predicting MNP health risks and designing relevant research.
[Research Progress on Trojan-horse Effect of Microplastics and Heavy Metals in Freshwater Environment].
This review examines the Trojan-horse effect in freshwater environments where microplastics adsorb and transport heavy metals, significantly increasing their potential ecological harm due to the large surface area and persistence of microplastic particles.