Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Aging behavior of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics accelerated by UV/H2O2 processes

Researchers used UV and hydrogen peroxide to simulate environmental aging of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, finding that PLA microplastics undergo significant surface and structural changes during weathering that alter their environmental behavior and persistence.

2023 Chemosphere 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Adsorption/desorption behavior of degradable polylactic acid microplastics on bisphenol A under different aging conditions

Researchers studied how different types of UV-simulated aging affect the ability of polylactic acid microplastics to adsorb and release bisphenol A. The study found that aging conditions changed the surface properties of the biodegradable plastic, altering its interaction with this common environmental contaminant. The findings suggest that even biodegradable microplastics can act as carriers of harmful chemicals depending on their degradation state.

2024 New Journal of Chemistry 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Photo-Aging of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid Microplastics

Researchers investigated the photo-aging of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, finding that UV exposure caused fragmentation that increased total particle numbers while decreasing average particle size. The study provides quantitative data on how biodegradable PLA plastics generate secondary microplastics through photoaging, a previously poorly characterized degradation pathway for this widely used industrial bioplastic.

2024 E3S Web of Conferences
Article Tier 2

State of the art on biodegradability of bio-based plastics containing polylactic acid

This review examines whether bio-based plastics made from polylactic acid (PLA) actually break down in the environment as intended. While certain microorganisms can degrade PLA, the process is slow and depends heavily on conditions like temperature and moisture. The findings matter because if bio-based plastics do not fully break down, they can still fragment into microplastics, posing many of the same environmental and health risks as conventional plastics.

2025 Frontiers in Materials 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Explication of mechanism governing atmospheric degradation of 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with different in-fill pattern and varying in-fill density

Researchers studied the atmospheric degradation of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) samples exposed to natural weather conditions in India, examining different in-fill patterns and densities. The study found that while PLA performance deteriorated over time due to UV exposure, humidity, and other environmental factors, the combination of in-fill pattern and volume played an important role in the rate of degradation.

2023 RSC Advances 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental degradation and fragmentation of microplastics: dependence on polymer type, humidity, UV dose and temperature

Researchers systematically tested how UV light, temperature, and humidity cause five common plastic types to break apart into secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. They found that the type of plastic — not the aging conditions — was the main factor determining how quickly it fragmented and what byproducts it released, data that can improve models predicting how plastics break down in the environment.

2025 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbial Degradation of Polylactic Acid Bioplastic

This review covers how microorganisms degrade polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic under different environmental conditions. Understanding PLA biodegradation is important for assessing whether PLA products actually break down as intended in real-world environments rather than persisting as microplastics.

2021 Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigation of the Hydrolytic Degradation Kinetics of 3D-Printed PLA Structures under a Thermally Accelerated Regime

Researchers investigated the hydrolytic degradation kinetics of 3D-printed PLA structures under thermally accelerated conditions, finding that print orientation and layer thickness influence degradation rate and that PLA retains structural integrity longer than expected under moderate temperature and humidity.

2024 Materials 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Aging characteristics of polylatic acid microplastics and their adsorption on hydrophilic organic pollutants: mechanistic investigations and theoretical calculations

Researchers characterized how polylactic acid microplastics undergo UV and thermal aging in aquatic environments, finding that aging altered surface chemistry, increased hydrophilicity, and enhanced adsorption of heavy metal pollutants—raising concerns about aged biodegradable plastics as carriers of co-contaminants.

2025 Environmental Pollution 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of moisture on the degradation and priming effects of poly(lactic acid) microplastic

Researchers examined how soil moisture levels affect the degradation of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) microplastics and their influence on soil organic carbon decomposition. The study found that moisture significantly increased PLA degradation in acidic soils, and PLA induced both positive and negative priming effects on native soil carbon depending on moisture levels and soil type.

2024 Land Degradation and Development 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Do poly(lactic acid) microplastics instigate a threat? A perception for their dynamic towards environmental pollution and toxicity

This review examines whether poly(lactic acid), a popular biodegradable plastic marketed as an eco-friendly alternative, actually poses environmental risks as it breaks down into microplastics. Researchers found that PLA only degrades fully under specific industrial composting conditions with high temperatures and moisture, and may persist much longer in natural environments. The study calls for deeper investigation into the environmental fate and potential toxicity of PLA microplastics as their use continues to grow.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 189 citations
Article Tier 2

Insights into the Characteristics, Adsorption, and Desorption Behaviors of Polylactic Acid Aged with or without Salinities

Researchers studied how salinity affects the aging process and pollutant adsorption behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics — a biodegradable plastic increasingly used as a conventional plastic substitute. Seawater aged PLA differently than freshwater, and aged particles adsorbed more contaminants than fresh ones. The study shows that even biodegradable plastics can become environmental pollutants through aging and contaminant accumulation.

2022 Journal of Environmental Engineering 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Aging Process of Biocomposites with the PLA Matrix Modified with Different Types of Cellulose

Researchers prepared polylactic acid composites with three different cellulose-based fillers and studied how they age under UV light exposure. The study found that the type of cellulose additive plays a crucial role in how well the material resists UV degradation, with some forms improving both mechanical properties and degradation timing. These findings support the potential of biodegradable polymer composites as alternatives to conventional plastics that generate persistent microplastic waste.

2023 Materials 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Polylactic acid synthesis, biodegradability, conversion to microplastics and toxicity: a review

Researchers reviewed polylactic acid (PLA), a popular plant-based "biodegradable" plastic used in packaging and agriculture, finding that while it breaks down inside the body, it does not fully degrade under natural outdoor or aquatic conditions — and in fact fragments into microplastics faster than conventional petroleum-based plastics. This challenges the assumption that bioplastics are a straightforward environmental solution.

2023 Environmental Chemistry Letters 254 citations
Article Tier 2

A Comparative Review on Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) in Soil, Compost, Water, and Wastewater Environments: Incorporating Mathematical Modeling Perspectives

This review compared how polylactic acid, a popular biodegradable plastic alternative, breaks down across different environments including soil, compost, water, and wastewater. Researchers found that PLA degrades fastest in compost, followed by soil, wastewater, and open water, with different mechanisms dominating in each setting. The study provides a comprehensive picture of PLA's real-world degradation behavior, which is important for understanding whether these materials truly offer environmental benefits over conventional plastics.

2024 AppliedChem 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Novel insights into photoaging mechanisms and environmental persistence risks of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics: Direct and indirect photolysis

Using quantum chemical calculations and kinetic simulations, researchers investigated the photoaging mechanisms of polylactic acid (PLA) -- a supposedly biodegradable plastic -- under UV radiation. PLA underwent both direct photolysis and indirect photolysis via reactive oxygen species, producing persistent microplastic fragments, raising concerns that PLA's environmental persistence under real-world sunlight conditions may exceed expectations.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparing the Aging Processes of PLA and PE: The Impact of UV Irradiation and Water

Scientists compared how biodegradable PLA plastic and conventional polyethylene break down under UV light and water exposure. PLA degraded more severely, fragmenting into smaller particles more readily than polyethylene, though both types developed surface cracks and chemical changes. Understanding how different plastics age is important because smaller, more degraded particles may be more easily absorbed by living organisms and potentially cause greater harm.

2024 Processes 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Microstructure and performance evolution of poly (l-lactic acid) during physical aging: Determinable role of molding method on β-relaxation

Researchers investigated how the manufacturing method of poly(L-lactic acid) — a biodegradable plastic relevant to microplastic pollution reduction — affects its mechanical aging behavior, finding that quenching versus cold-pressing creates different molecular network structures that determine how quickly the material becomes brittle over time.

2025 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of Biodegradable Microplastics under Artificially Controlled Aging Conditions with UV Radiation

Researchers subjected biodegradable plastics to controlled UV aging and found that they fragmented into microplastics faster than conventional plastics under simulated outdoor conditions. Biodegradable plastics are promoted as an eco-friendly alternative, but this study shows they may actually create microplastic pollution more rapidly in real-world environments. The findings raise important questions about whether biodegradable plastics are a genuine solution to plastic pollution.

2023 Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Ranking the accelerated weathering of plastic polymers

Researchers ranked the accelerated weathering rates of five common plastic polymers, finding that polylactic acid and polystyrene degraded fastest while polyethylene terephthalate was most resistant, providing key data on environmental persistence timelines.

2023 Environmental Science Processes & Impacts 40 citations
Article Tier 2

Mineralization and microbial utilization of poly(lactic acid) microplastic in soil

Researchers tracked how polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, a common biodegradable plastic, actually break down in different agricultural soils. They found that standard testing methods significantly overestimate how quickly PLA degrades because they fail to account for interactions with soil organic matter. The study reveals that PLA microplastics may persist longer in some soils than previously thought, raising questions about how truly biodegradable these materials are in real-world conditions.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 22 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Recent advances on microplastic aging: Identification, mechanism, influence factors, and additives release

This review found that environmental aging transforms microplastic surface properties through abrasion, chemical oxidation, UV irradiation, and biodegradation, altering their environmental behavior and ecological risk. Aging also triggers the release of toxic plastic additives, but significant gaps remain between laboratory aging simulations and real-world conditions.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 181 citations
Article Tier 2

Deterioration of single-use biodegradable plastics in high-humidity air and freshwaters over one year: Significant disparities in surface physicochemical characteristics and degradation rates

This study evaluated the degradation of single-use biodegradable plastics over one year in both high-humidity air and freshwater environments, finding significant disparities in surface chemistry changes and degradation rates between the two conditions. The results suggest biodegradable plastics degrade far more slowly in open-air and freshwater than expected.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Abiotic degradation and accelerated ageing of microplastics from biodegradable and recycled materials in artificial seawater

Researchers examined the degradation behavior of microplastics from two biodegradable plastics (polylactic acid and Mater-Bi) and recycled PET under simulated seawater and photo-oxidative conditions. They identified hydrolysis as the primary degradation pathway and characterized the oligomers, degradation products, and plastic additives released into the water. The study improves understanding of how these alternative plastic materials break down in marine environments and what chemicals they release.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 14 citations