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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to The production and characterisation of nanoplastic reference material: optimization and method development
ClearThe production and characterisation of nanoplastic reference material: optimization and method development
Researchers optimized non-solvent phase separation methods using xylene, toluene, and phenol as solvents to produce nanoplastic reference materials from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene — polymer types more environmentally representative than commonly used commercial polystyrene nanoparticles. They characterized the produced particles by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, finding predominantly irregular fragment morphologies that more closely resemble environmentally occurring nanoplastics.
Preparation of Nanoplastic Particles as Potential Standards for the Study of Nanoplastics
Researchers developed methods to prepare well-defined nanoplastic particles as potential reference standards for nanoplastic research, addressing the critical shortage of reliable materials for toxicity studies and analytical method validation. The study characterized the size, shape, and surface properties of the produced particles to confirm their suitability as standards.
A reliable procedure to obtain environmentally relevant nanoplastic proxies
Researchers developed a reliable procedure for producing nanoplastic proxies with properties more representative of environmentally aged nanoplastics, addressing the urgent need for better reference materials in nanoplastic fate, transport, and toxicology research.
Production, labeling, and applications of micro- and nanoplastic reference and test materials
This study reviews methods for producing, labeling, and applying micro- and nanoplastic reference and test materials for research purposes. The researchers address the growing need for in-house production of standardized test materials, driven by challenges in extracting these particles from the environment and the limited range of commercially available options.
Aqueous Dispersions of Polypropylene: Toward Reference Materials for Characterizing Nanoplastics
Researchers developed aqueous dispersions of polypropylene nanoplastics to serve as reference materials for detection and characterization studies, addressing a critical gap in nanoplastics research where the lack of standardized reference particles has hindered method development for identifying nanoplastics in environmental and biological samples.
Preparation of Nanoscale Particles of Five Major Polymers as Potential Standards for the Study of Nanoplastics
Researchers developed a precipitation-based method for preparing nanoscale particles of five major polymers, creating standardized reference materials needed for studying nanoplastic distribution and toxicity in the environment.
Fabrication of microplastic and nanoplastic particles and fibres for use in pulmonary toxicity studies
Researchers developed fabrication methods to produce micro- and nanoplastics from three environmentally relevant polymers (polyamide, polypropylene, and PET) in both particle and fiber shapes, addressing a critical gap in pulmonary toxicity research where most studies use only polystyrene spheres.
Paper on the developed characterisation methods for SMPs (< 10 μm) and NPs (< 0.1 μm), and in terms of: (i) chemical identity of the SMPs/NPs polymer type; (ii) physical particle characterisation and quantification, size distribution and particle morphologies; and (iii) quantification of the mass fraction in complex matrices. Uncertainty evaluation and traceability statements will be included
Researchers developed and comprehensively characterized a nano-polypropylene test material produced by mechanical fragmentation as a reference standard for nanoplastic (less than 100 nm) measurement, validating its homogeneity and stability across multiple analytical techniques including light scattering, high-resolution microscopy, and spectrometry.
Eco-Friendly Fabrication of Nanoplastic Particles and Fibrils Using Polymer Blends as Templates
Researchers developed an eco-friendly method for fabricating well-defined nanoplastic particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates, addressing the lack of standardized nanoplastic reference materials that hinders toxicity research. The approach enables production of reproducible nanoplastic standards for analytical method development.
Eco-Friendly fabrication of nanoplastic particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates
Researchers developed a simple, eco-friendly method to produce nanoplastic particles and fibers in the lab by blending common plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene) with water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol, then dissolving the outer matrix away. The technique provides well-defined nanoplastic samples that researchers need to accurately study toxicity and develop detection methods.
Quality-by-design and current good practices for the production of test and reference materials for micro- and nano-plastic research
Researchers outlined best practices for producing standardized reference materials used in micro- and nanoplastic research, covering both top-down fragmentation and bottom-up precipitation methods. They provided examples using common polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and PET across different size ranges. The study addresses a critical need in the field, since reliable reference materials are essential for validating the analytical methods used to detect and measure plastic pollution.
Fabrication of microplastic and nanoplastic particles and fibres for use in pulmonary toxicity studies
Researchers developed methods to fabricate polyamide, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate micro/nanoplastics in particle and fiber forms of respirable dimensions, addressing the limitation that most pulmonary toxicity studies have used only commercially available polystyrene spheres.
Synthesis of model polyethylene particles for the study of nanoplastics in the oceans
Researchers synthesized model polyethylene nanoplastic particles to serve as reference materials for studying the behavior and fate of nanoplastics in ocean environments, addressing the gap created by the lack of standardized particles representative of naturally fragmented marine plastic debris.
Unveiling the Environmental Characteristics of Sub-1000-nm Nanoplastics: A Comprehensive Review of the Preparation Methods for Nanoplastic Model Samples
This review addresses the challenge of creating realistic nanoplastic samples for lab research, since most studies have only used polystyrene spheres that do not represent the diverse shapes and types of nanoplastics found in the real environment. Better lab models are essential for accurately understanding the health risks these tiny plastic particles pose to humans.
Forming Micro-and Nano-Plastics from Agricultural Plastic Films for Employment in Fundamental Research Studies
Researchers developed a method for generating representative micro- and nano-plastics directly from agricultural mulch films (polyethylene and biodegradable starch-based films) for use in ecotoxicology studies, addressing limitations of using commercially manufactured polystyrene spheres as surrogates. The method produced particles with surface chemistry and size distributions more reflective of real environmental agricultural plastic fragments.
Fabrication of microplastic and nanoplastic particles and fibres for use in pulmonary toxicity studies
Researchers developed fabrication methods for polyamide, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate micro/nanoplastics in both particle and fiber forms, producing respirable-sized test materials with verified chemical purity for use in more environmentally realistic lung toxicity studies.
Production and Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoparticles
Researchers developed a simple, scalable milling method for producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoparticles from commercial pellets for use in laboratory toxicology and environmental studies. The method avoids the need for liquid nitrogen and produces representative model nanoplastics at low cost with high yield. The study addresses a key barrier in nanoplastics research by providing accessible reference particles that more closely resemble environmental plastic debris.
Small micro- and nanoplastic test and reference materials for research: Current status and future needs
This review highlights the critical shortage of well-characterized, environmentally relevant reference materials for studying small microplastics and nanoplastics. Most laboratory studies use commercially available spherical particles that do not represent the irregular, weathered particles found in nature. The authors call for developing standardized reference materials that better mimic real-world microplastic contamination to improve the reliability of exposure and hazard assessments.
Towards nanoplastic reference materials representative of partially degraded/naturally aged samples in complex food and environmental matrices
Researchers developed nanoplastic reference materials that better represent partially degraded and naturally aged particles found in real environmental and food matrices, addressing the inadequacy of commercially available monodispersed spherical particles that do not reflect the polydispersed, irregular morphology of environmental nanoplastics.
Synthesis of model polyethylene particles for the study of nanoplastics in the oceans
Researchers developed a synthesis method for model polyethylene particles designed to replicate the physicochemical properties of naturally degraded nanoplastics in the ocean, addressing the need for environmentally representative reference materials for studying nanoplastic behavior in marine systems.
The Challenge of the Analysis of Nanoplastics in the Environment: Current Status and Perspectives
This review examines the analytical challenges of detecting and characterising nanoplastics in environmental samples, presenting the state of the art in size determination, chemical composition analysis, and quantification techniques, as well as a survey of nanoplastic model materials used in the literature.
Towards nanoplastic reference materials representative of partially degraded/naturally aged samples in complex food and environmental matrices
Researchers developed nanoplastic reference materials that better represent partially degraded and naturally aged particles found in real environmental and food matrices, addressing the gap left by commercially available monodispersed, spherical, surfactant-coated particles that do not reflect the polydispersed morphologies of environmental nanoplastics.
Paper on the developed characterisation methods for SMPs (< 10 μm) and NPs (< 0.1 μm), and in terms of: (i) chemical identity of the SMPs/NPs polymer type; (ii) physical particle characterisation and quantification, size distribution and particle morphologies; and (iii) quantification of the mass fraction in complex matrices. Uncertainty evaluation and traceability statements will be included
Researchers developed and comprehensively characterised a polypropylene nanoplastic reference material produced through top-down mechanical fragmentation, using AF4, DLS, SEM, Raman, ICP-MS, and py-GC/MS to establish a traceable, homogeneous test material with a broad size distribution of 50-200 nm for advancing nanoplastics measurement standards.
Surfactant-free synthesis of polyethylene nanoparticles: toward more realistic model nanoplastics
Researchers developed a surfactant-free aqueous emulsion polymerization method to synthesize polyethylene nanoparticles (50–200 nm) as more realistic model nanoplastics for laboratory studies. Unlike surfactant-stabilized models, these particles better mimic the physicochemical properties of environmental nanoplastics.