Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Determination of Tire Wear Particle-Type Polymers by Combination of Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Soxhlet Extraction

Researchers combined quantitative pyrolysis-GC/MS with other analytical methods to specifically identify and quantify tire wear particle-derived polymers in environmental samples. The approach enables more accurate attribution of rubber polymer contamination to tire wear versus other sources.

2024 Molecules 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Novel method for the characterization and quantification of rubber particles in air samples and human blood

This study developed a novel method to characterize and quantify tire and road wear rubber particles in environmental samples, identifying natural and synthetic rubber polymers including vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber as the dominant components. The method advances monitoring capabilities for one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions globally.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Methods for laboratory-generation and physico-chemical characterisation of tyre wear particles

Researchers developed a lab method to generate tire wear particles using a friction machine and then identified a suite of chemical compounds that could serve as reliable markers for detecting these particles in environmental samples. Tire wear is one of the largest single sources of microplastic pollution globally, yet quantifying it in the environment has been hampered by the lack of agreed marker compounds. This work lays groundwork for standardized monitoring of tire particle pollution in soils and waterways.

2024 Detritus 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification and quantification of tire wear particles by employing different cross-validation techniques: FTIR-ATR Micro-FTIR, Pyr-GC/MS, and SEM

Researchers developed and cross-validated methods using FTIR-ATR, micro-FTIR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, and scanning electron microscopy to identify and quantify tire wear particles in highway stormwater runoff. The study optimized pretreatment methods to extract tire wear particles without degradation, providing more accurate identification and reducing the risk of underestimating this important source of microplastic pollution.

2023 Environmental Pollution 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Novel method for the characterization and quantification of rubber particles in air samples and human blood

Researchers developed a novel method to characterize and quantify rubber particles from tire and road wear in air samples, targeting natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber. The method addresses a key gap in monitoring one of the largest sources of environmental microplastics.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust based on synthetic/natural rubber ratio using pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry across diverse tire types

Researchers developed an improved method for measuring tire wear particles in road dust that accounts for differences in rubber composition across tire brands and types. They found that the standard ISO method, which assumes a fixed ratio of synthetic to natural rubber, can significantly misestimate tire wear concentrations. The refined approach provides more accurate measurements of this major source of microplastic pollution from road traffic.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Variation in Abundance Ratio of Isoprene and Dipentene Produced from Wear Particles Composed of Natural Rubber by Pyrolysis Depending on the Particle Size and Thermal Aging

Researchers found that the pyrolysis product ratio of isoprene to dipentene in natural rubber tire wear particles increases as particle size decreases and with thermal aging — a finding with implications for more accurate quantification of tire wear particles in environmental samples.

2023 Polymers 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Chemical Leaching from Tire Wear Particles with Various Treadwear Ratings

Researchers investigated how tire treadwear ratings affect chemical leaching from tire wear particles, finding that benzothiazole compounds leached at different rates depending on tire type, with an additional derivative (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings suggest that using benzothiazole alone as a quantification marker for tire wear particles can lead to inaccurate estimates of environmental contamination.

2022 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tire Wear Particles (TWPs) in Road Dust Using a Novel Mode of Operation of TGA-GC/MS

This study developed qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing tire wear particles (TWPs) in road dust, using a combination of analytical techniques to distinguish rubber particles from other road dust components. Accurate TWP quantification is essential for assessing their contribution to environmental microplastic burdens.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology Letters 7 citations
Article Tier 2

A Tiered Quantification and Source Mapping Framework for Tire Wear Particle Analysis in Environmental Matrices

Researchers developed an improved method for quantifying tire wear particles in environmental samples using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based on real tire tread composition. The approach achieved 94-113% accuracy, a significant improvement over previous methods, and includes a tiered framework for distinguishing tire-derived signals from other interference. This methodology enables more reliable tracking of tire wear particles, a major but often underestimated source of microplastic pollution.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges with Quantifying Tire Road Wear Particles: Recognizing the Need for Further Refinement of the ISO Technical Specification

Analysis of 39 commercially available tire tread samples from Australia and Norway using Py-GC/MS found that synthetic rubber content was highly variable (<0.05–28%), challenging a key assumption of ISO technical specifications for quantifying tire road wear particles.

2021 Environmental Science & Technology Letters 106 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire tread wear particles in microparticles produced on the road using oleamide as a novel marker

A novel analytical method using oleamide, a compound incorporated into tire rubber for processing purposes, as a chemical marker was developed and validated to quantify tire tread wear particles in road microparticle samples, offering improved specificity over existing benzothiazole-based approaches for source attribution of tire-derived microplastics.

2021 Environmental Pollution 61 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicology of micronized tire rubber: Past, present and future considerations

This review synthesizes what is known about the ecotoxicology of micronized tire rubber particles, which are increasingly identified as a significant fraction of environmental microplastics, examining their effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The authors note that tire rubber contains a complex mixture of chemical additives that may drive toxicity beyond the physical effects of the particles themselves.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 185 citations
Article Tier 2

Method for Identification of Black Microplastics by Using Tire Library

This study developed a tire rubber library to improve identification of black microplastics — tire and road wear particles — using FTIR spectroscopy, which struggles with carbon black-containing materials. Tire particles are a major and often undetected category of microplastic pollution in urban runoff.

2022 Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser G (Environmental Research) 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Applicability of NMR spectroscopy to quantify microplastics across varying concentrations in polymer mixtures

Quantitative NMR spectroscopy was evaluated as a method for measuring synthetic polymers in mixed microplastic samples at low concentrations, finding it feasible but constrained by overlapping signals and solvent limitations, offering a cost-efficient alternative to spectroscopic methods for certain polymer mixture analyses.

2025 RSC Advances 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Adapting Methods for Isolation and Enumeration of Microplastics to Quantify Tire Road Wear Particles with Confirmation by Pyrolysis GC–MS

Researchers adapted microplastic analysis methods for isolating and counting tire road wear particles from environmental samples, a challenging task due to the varied composition and density of these particles. They found that alkaline digestions are compatible with tire rubber but hydrogen peroxide can damage the particles, and developed visual criteria to distinguish tire particles from bitumen. The adapted methods were validated with road dust samples and confirmed by electron microscopy and pyrolysis mass spectrometry.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical challenges and possibilities for the quantification of tire-road wear particles

This review examines the analytical challenges involved in measuring tire-road wear particles, one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions. Researchers cataloged the wide range of methods used to detect and quantify these particles, noting that their varied size, shape, density, and chemical makeup make consistent measurement difficult. The study highlights the need for standardized analytical approaches so that results from different studies can be meaningfully compared.

2023 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Overcoming the challenge of quantifying aged microplastic by qNMR spectroscopy

Researchers evaluated quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for analyzing environmentally aged microplastics made of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate. The study found that UV exposure and elevated temperatures during aging altered the spectral properties of these polymers, and developed approaches to overcome the quantification challenges posed by environmental weathering.

2025 Environmental Science Processes & Impacts 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Raman Tweezers for Tire and Road Wear Micro- and Nanoparticles analysis

Researchers used Raman tweezers — optical trapping combined with spectroscopy — to analyze tire and road wear particles, which are a major but difficult-to-characterize category of microplastic pollution. The technique can identify individual sub-millimeter rubber particles without the interference that makes standard FTIR analysis difficult.

2021 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Car and truck tire wear particles in complex environmental samples – A quantitative comparison with “traditional” microplastic polymer mass loads

Researchers extended an existing Py-GC/MS method to include tire wear particles (TWP) alongside conventional microplastics in North Sea samples, finding that TWP represent a dominant mass fraction of environmental MPs often excluded from polymer-based surveys.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 186 citations
Article Tier 2

Particle emissions study from tire sample with nano-silver tracer from different steps of its life cycle. A new approach to trace emissions of tire microparticles

Researchers developed a new method using nano-silver tracers embedded in tire rubber to track and measure tiny particle emissions released during tire repair, grinding, and incineration. The technique successfully identified nanoparticles released at each stage, offering a new way to assess human exposure to tire-derived pollution.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire Wear and Pollutants: An Overview of Research

This review provides an overview of tire road and wear particles as a major source of microplastic emissions, examining both experimental and mathematical approaches to measuring tire wear. The study notes that while tire wear particles are found in alarming amounts across various environments, they remain less studied than other microplastics, and calls for more accurate simulation models to predict tire wear emissions.

2023 Archives of Advanced Engineering Science 30 citations
Article Tier 2

A novel method for the quantification of tire and polymer-modified bitumen particles in environmental samples by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy

Researchers developed a novel pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for quantifying tire and polymer-modified bitumen particles in environmental samples, improving the detection of what may be the largest source of microplastic pollution.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 108 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire crumb in the environment: a review on occurrence, fate and recent advances in detection and analysis

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of tire wear particles as environmental contaminants, covering their physical and chemical properties, occurrence across environmental matrices, and detection methods. Researchers found that tire wear particles are present in air, water, and soil worldwide but remain difficult to quantify due to their variable density, aging behavior, and lack of standardized detection protocols. The study highlights the urgent need for consistent analytical methods to better understand how these particles move through and impact the environment.

2025 Soft Matter 1 citations