Papers

61,005 results
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Review Tier 2

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review on Exposure Pathways, Toxicity, and Emerging Risks

This comprehensive review examines microplastic exposure pathways in humans, methods of detection, and the potential toxic effects on various biological systems. The study highlights growing evidence that microplastics can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and may affect multiple organ systems, though significant uncertainties remain about long-term health outcomes.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics: Unveiling Contamination Routes and Toxicological Implications for Human Health

This review examined how nanoplastics, the tiniest plastic particles, enter the human body through breathing, eating, drinking, and skin contact. Evidence indicates these particles may contribute to a range of health concerns across multiple body systems, including the lungs, gut, heart, brain, and immune system, highlighting the need for more research into their long-term effects.

2024 Current Analytical Chemistry 8 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Microplastics And Nanoplastics: Environmental Sources, Human Exposure Pathways, And Potential Health Impacts

This systematic review maps out the many ways microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body, including through food, water, air, and everyday products. The researchers found these tiny particles are now present in nearly every environment, from oceans to our homes. The review highlights growing concerns about what this constant low-level exposure might mean for our long-term health.

2024 Revista Electronica de Veterinaria
Article Tier 2

Health impacts and detection challenges of human exposure to microplastics

This review examined the health impacts of human exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics through ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Researchers found that these tiny particles pose significant health risks due to their ability to carry toxic contaminants and interact with biological tissues. The study also highlights major challenges in accurately detecting and measuring microplastic exposure in humans, which limits our understanding of the full scope of health effects.

2025 Cancer Plus 4 citations
Review Tier 2

A review on microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Their occurrence, exposure routes, toxic studies, and potential effects on human health

This review summarizes what is known about how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body through food, air, and skin contact, and what they do once inside. Studies on cells and animals show these tiny particles can cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and harm to the immune, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. The research makes clear that microplastics are not just an environmental problem but a direct concern for human health.

2022 Marine Pollution Bulletin 379 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Nanoplastics on Human Health: A Comprehensive Study

This comprehensive review examines the diverse health effects of nanoplastics, drawing on toxicology, environmental science, and epidemiology to document how these particles interact with human biological systems. The authors conclude that nanoplastics represent a growing public health concern requiring further investigation.

2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro and nano-plastics, a threat to human health?

This review examines the threat micro- and nanoplastics pose to human health, discussing how these persistent particles accumulate in organs including lungs, the gastrointestinal system, and blood, and how their chemical composition and size influence toxicity.

2022 PubMed 38 citations
Article Tier 2

The Environmental Hazards of Micro- and Nanoplastics

Researchers reviewed how microplastics — tiny plastic particles found everywhere in the environment — can enter the body, accumulate in tissues, and disrupt the immune, digestive, and nervous systems, with exposure linked to hormonal imbalances, chronic disease, and cancer risk.

2025 Advances in Biology & Earth Sciences 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Unseen toxins: Exploring the human health consequences of micro and nanoplastics

Researchers reviewed how micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) damage the body after being ingested or inhaled, finding they can cross the gut, blood-brain, and placental barriers to accumulate in the liver, kidneys, and brain, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. Vulnerable groups like pregnant women and newborns face the greatest risk, including potential long-term neurological effects passed to future generations.

2025 Toxicology Reports 15 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro- and Nanoplastics as Emerging Environmental Determinants of Human Health: A Narrative Review

This narrative review explores evidence linking micro- and nanoplastic exposure to potential adverse health outcomes across multiple organ systems. Researchers found that increasing experimental and observational data suggest these particles may be associated with harmful biological effects. The review calls for further research to clarify the clinical significance of microplastic exposure for public health.

2026 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Emergence of Nanoplastic in the Environment and Possible Impact on Human Health

This review examines how plastic materials fragment into nanoplastics and potentially accumulate in the environment, with a focus on their possible impacts on human health. Researchers discuss how these tiny particles can enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and describe how they interact with cells at the molecular level. The study highlights that nanoplastics behave very differently from larger plastics due to their size and surface properties, raising concerns that warrant further investigation.

2019 Environmental Science & Technology 1134 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: Their effects on the environment, human health, and plant ecosystems

Researchers reviewed how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, potentially causing cell damage, hormone disruption, and cardiovascular harm, while also degrading soil quality and stunting plant growth. The review urges urgent action given how thoroughly these particles have infiltrated both human health and agricultural systems.

2024 Environmental Pollution and Management 39 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic and Human Health: A Micro Issue?

This review evaluates the potential human health impacts of microplastic exposure through food and air, drawing on evidence from particle toxicology and related fields. Researchers note that if inhaled or ingested, microplastics could accumulate in tissues and cause localized inflammation, while chemical additives and adsorbed pollutants may leach out and cause additional toxic effects. The paper emphasizes that chronic, long-term exposure is likely the greater concern, though current data on actual human exposure levels remains limited.

2017 Environmental Science & Technology 3060 citations
Article Tier 2

Adverse Outcome Phenomena and Toxicity Mechanisms of Micro and Nanoplastics in Human Health

This review examines the growing evidence that micro- and nanoplastics can enter the human body through food, water, and air, and may contribute to harmful biological effects. Researchers found that these tiny particles can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruption of hormonal and immune systems in laboratory studies. The study highlights the need for a unified research approach to better understand how microplastic exposure may affect long-term human health.

2024 Nano LIFE 5 citations
Review Tier 2

A review of data for quantifying human exposures to micro and nanoplastics and potential health risks

This review synthesizes data on human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics through air, water, and food, and examines the potential health effects. Researchers found evidence of respiratory, liver, immune, and gastrointestinal impacts in humans and mammals exposed to elevated plastic particle levels, with toxicity varying by plastic type and size. The study highlights that while growing evidence links plastic particle exposure to health concerns, significant data gaps remain in quantifying actual human intake and long-term risks.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 203 citations
Article Tier 2

Health impacts of environmental contamination of micro- and nanoplastics: a review

This review summarizes the growing body of evidence on micro- and nanoplastic contamination across both marine and terrestrial ecosystems and its potential health effects. Researchers note that these tiny particles accumulate in animals along the food chain, and recent studies have detected microplastics in human stool samples, confirming human exposure through food and water. The study highlights that beyond the particles themselves, the chemical additives and pollutants that cling to plastics may pose additional health risks.

2020 Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 354 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro- and Nanoplastics as Emerging Environmental Determinants of Human Health: A Narrative Review

This narrative review explores the existing evidence linking micro- and nanoplastic exposure to potential health-related outcomes across multiple organ systems. Researchers found increasing experimental and observational evidence indicating that exposure to these particles may be associated with adverse biological effects. The review highlights the need for further clinical research to understand the full scope of microplastic impacts on human health.

2026 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Impact of microplastics on human health: exposure mechanisms and potential health implications

This review examines how microplastics enter the human body through food, drinking water, and inhaled air, and summarizes what is known about their potential health effects. Researchers found that microplastics have been detected in human stool samples, blood, and lung tissue, and may carry harmful chemicals and pathogens. The study highlights that while evidence of direct health impacts is still emerging, the widespread presence of microplastics in everyday exposure pathways warrants serious attention.

2024 Quality in Sport 7 citations
Article Tier 2

The exposure routes of micro- and nanoplastics and their potential toxic effects on human health

This review summarized current knowledge about how micro- and nanoplastics enter the human body through breathing, eating, and skin contact. The study discusses evidence from laboratory and animal studies suggesting these particles may affect the reproductive, respiratory, digestive, and immune systems, though researchers note that more human studies are needed to fully understand the health implications.

2024 Medycyna Pracy 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics as Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Potential Hazards for Human Health

This review covers how microplastics and nanoplastics enter humans through food, air, and skin contact, accumulating in the body over time. Inhaled particles can damage the lungs from the upper airways down to the deepest air sacs, and prolonged exposure has been linked to chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. The authors call for source reduction, material substitution, and better filtration to reduce exposure.

2024 Sustainability 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics as an Invisible Threat to Humans and the Environment

This review summarized the adverse effects of nanoplastics on human health and the environment, noting that plastic fragmentation in the environment creates these tiny particles that are becoming ubiquitous pollutants. The study suggests that reducing plastic disposal, improving detection methods, and implementing regulations on nanoplastics in consumer products are needed to address this growing concern.

2022 Journal of Nanomaterials 44 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

A Systematic Review on the Impact of Micro-Nanoplastics Exposure on Human Health and Diseases

This systematic review summarizes existing research on how micro and nanoplastic exposure affects human health and may contribute to disease. The evidence suggests that these tiny particles can enter the body through food, water, air, and even cosmetics, potentially causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruptions to the immune and reproductive systems.

2022 Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro(Nano)Plastics as Carriers of Toxic Agents and Their Impact on Human Health

This review compiles evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics act as carriers of potentially toxic agents and enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Evidence indicates that continuous exposure to these particles can lead to bioaccumulation and negative health alterations, with recent research detecting microplastics even in human placental tissue.

2023 Environmental sciences 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Emerging Risk of Microplastics on Health, Agriculture and Environment

This review examines the emerging risks that microplastics pose to human health, agriculture, and ecosystems, covering exposure routes from food, water, and air. Researchers highlighted concerning findings such as the detection of microplastics in human placentas and their potential to carry harmful chemicals into the body. The study emphasizes that microplastic contamination is a growing global concern that requires coordinated research and policy responses across multiple sectors.

2024 Annals of Biomedical Science and Engineering 4 citations