Emerging Risk of Microplastics on Health, Agriculture and Environment

Exposure to microplastics is unavoidable, and a vast amount of microplastics are traveling around the oceans. Microplastics are considered one of the major potential pollutants due to their exposure and interference with the health of humans, animals, aquatic species, agriculture, etc. Shockingly, the microplastic was also detected in the human placenta (fetal and amniochorial membranes), which could cause long-term effects on human health. The disposal of plastic into the oceans is the most happening process across the globe; thereby, microplastic pollution is evident, leading to a huge risk to marine species. Also, the accumulation of microplastics on soil or land leads to an increase in pH value, thereby affecting the surface water and soil-groundwater medium, eventually affecting plant and human health. At the same time, microplastics and their particles are found in milk, meat, and other edible items, which directly affects human health. The appearance of microplastic particles in insects, birds, animals, and even human blood indicates its adverse effect on the environment. This review has discussed the impact of microplastic on the health of humans, aquatic species, and agriculture.