Papers

20 results
|
Article Tier 2

Combined Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Pyriproxyfen to Daphnia magna

Researchers evaluated the combined toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and the insecticide pyriproxyfen on the water flea Daphnia magna under both acute and chronic exposure conditions. They found that nanoplastics initially reduced the acute toxicity of the pesticide within 24 hours but worsened chronic effects over longer periods. The study suggests that nanoplastics can alter how other environmental contaminants affect aquatic organisms, complicating risk assessments.

2024 Sustainability 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Individual and combined multigenerational effects induced by polystyrene nanoplastic and glyphosate in Daphnia magna (Strauss, 1820)

Researchers investigated the individual and combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and the herbicide glyphosate on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna across multiple generations. They found synergistic toxicity when the two contaminants were combined, increasing immobility and reactive oxygen species production. Notably, parental exposure to the mixture caused reproductive effects that persisted into subsequent generations even without continued exposure.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 64 citations
Article Tier 2

Individual and combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and clothianidin toward Daphnia magna, Lemna minor, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Microcystis aeruginosa

Scientists tested polystyrene nanoplastics and a common insecticide (clothianidin) both alone and together on four different freshwater organisms. Surprisingly, the combined exposure was generally less toxic than predicted, showing antagonistic interactions where the two pollutants partially canceled out each other's effects. However, the nanoplastics alone still caused long-lasting harm to water flea reproduction that carried over to offspring born after exposure ended, suggesting nanoplastics can have multi-generational effects.

2025 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Joint toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles and organochlorine pesticides (chlordane and hexachlorocyclohexane) on Caenorhabditis elegans

Joint exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and organochlorine pesticides (chlordane and HCH) in the roundworm C. elegans caused greater toxicity than either pollutant alone, suggesting synergistic interactions. These findings highlight the importance of studying combined pollutant effects rather than individual chemicals in isolation.

2020 Environmental Science Nano 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanopolystyrene size effect and its combined acute toxicity with halogenated PAHs on Daphnia magna

Researchers tested how nanopolystyrene particle size affects toxicity to Daphnia magna water fleas alone and in combination with halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, finding smaller particles (30 nm) were far more toxic than larger ones (1 µm) and that the plastic-chemical mixtures showed antagonistic effects — reducing combined toxicity below what either contaminant caused alone.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics increase the toxicity of a pharmaceutical, at environmentally relevant concentrations – A mixture design with Daphnia magna

Researchers found that polystyrene nanoplastics significantly increased the toxicity of the pharmaceutical diphenhydramine to Daphnia magna water fleas at environmentally relevant concentrations. The combination caused oxidative damage that was not observed when organisms were exposed to either substance alone, indicating a synergistic interaction. The study highlights that the co-occurrence of nanoplastics and pharmaceutical pollutants in water may create compounding risks for aquatic organisms.

2023 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Changes of the acute and chronic toxicity of three antimicrobial agents to Daphnia magna in the presence/absence of micro-polystyrene

Polystyrene microplastics alone caused chronic reproductive toxicity to Daphnia magna at low milligram-per-liter concentrations and worsened the reproductive harm caused by three antimicrobial compounds (triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl-triclosan) in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings suggest microplastics can amplify the chronic toxicity of co-occurring pollutants to aquatic invertebrates.

2020 Environmental Pollution 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Impacts of microplastics and pesticides on Daphnia

Researchers investigated the combined and individual impacts of microplastics and pesticides on Daphnia magna, a model crustacean widely used in freshwater ecotoxicology, to assess how these co-occurring pollutants affect aquatic ecosystem health. The study examined survival, reproduction, and physiological responses in D. magna exposed to varying concentrations of both stressors under controlled conditions.

2025 Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of the combined toxic effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and nano-sized polystyrene on Daphnia magna

Researchers investigated how nano-sized polystyrene particles modify the acute toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to Daphnia magna, finding that low concentrations of nanoplastics reduced PCB toxicity by binding and sequestering the chemicals, while high nanoplastic concentrations became directly lethal, reversing the protective effect.

2018 Journal of Hazardous Materials 112 citations
Article Tier 2

The synergistic effect of mono and co-exposure of microplastic suspensions on Daphnia magna’s survival, population density, reproduction rate & swimming behavior.

When water fleas (Daphnia magna) were exposed to mixtures of HDPE, LDPE, and polypropylene microplastics together, the combined toxicity was substantially greater than any single polymer alone, with the mixture LC50 dropping to 77 mg/L compared to 109–123 mg/L for individual plastics. This synergistic effect — reducing survival, reproduction, and normal swimming behavior — is an important finding because organisms in nature encounter mixtures of plastic types, not just one at a time.

2023 Research Square (Research Square)
Article Tier 2

Combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and carbamazepine induced transgenerational effects on the reproduction of Daphnia magna

Researchers found that combined exposure to polystyrene microplastics and carbamazepine caused enhanced transgenerational reproductive toxicity in Daphnia magna across two generations, with mixture effects significantly worse than individual exposures.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene microplastic particles in combination with pesticides and antiviral drugs: Toxicity and genotoxicity in Ceriodaphnia dubia

Researchers investigated the toxic and genotoxic effects of polystyrene microplastics alone and in combination with the antiviral drug acyclovir and the insecticide imidacloprid on the freshwater crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia. The study found that microplastics can act as carriers for other pollutants in a 'Trojan horse effect,' and that mixtures of these contaminants produced combined toxicity in this sensitive freshwater organism.

2022 Environmental Pollution 60 citations
Article Tier 2

Initial evaluation of the combined effects of nanoplastics and 17α-ethinylestradiol on D. magna

This laboratory study examined the combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol on small aquatic organisms, finding that the combination had different effects than either contaminant alone. The results suggest that nanoplastics can modify how other environmental pollutants affect aquatic life, complicating risk assessment for real-world multi-contaminant exposures.

2017 Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Article Tier 2

Study of the toxicological effects of emerging contaminants on Daphnia similis associating polyethylene microplastics with the agrochemical imidacloprid.

Brazilian researchers tested the ecotoxicological effects of combining polyethylene microplastics with the insecticide imidacloprid on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia, finding combined exposures were more toxic than either pollutant alone. These results suggest that microplastics and pesticides together pose greater risks to aquatic organisms than studies of single pollutants indicate.

2023 Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)
Article Tier 2

Acute toxicity of organic pesticides to Daphnia magna is unchanged by co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics

Daphnia magna were exposed to dimethoate (low log Kow) and deltamethrin (high log Kow) pesticides in the presence or absence of 1 μm polystyrene microplastics, and microplastics were found to have no effect on the acute toxicity of either pesticide. The study challenges the assumption that polystyrene MPs function as significant vectors altering pesticide bioavailability and toxicity to freshwater zooplankton.

2018 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 113 citations
Article Tier 2

Combined toxic effects of polystyrene microplastic and benzophenone-4 on the bioaccumulation, feeding, growth, and reproduction of Daphnia magna

Researchers examined the combined toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics and the UV filter chemical benzophenone-4 on water fleas over 21 days. They found that exposure to both contaminants together caused greater harm to feeding, growth, and reproduction than either pollutant alone. The study demonstrates that microplastics and personal care product chemicals can interact to amplify their negative effects on freshwater organisms.

2024 Environmental Pollution 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Synergistic impact of nanoplastics and nanopesticides on Artemia salina and toxicity analysis

Researchers studied how polystyrene nanoplastics interact with nanopermethrin, a nano-sized pesticide, and their combined toxic effects on brine shrimp. The study found that nanoplastics acted as carriers for the pesticide, and the combination was significantly more toxic than either substance alone, lowering the lethal concentration from 4.5 to 3.1 mg per liter. These findings suggest that nanoplastics in the environment can amplify the harmful effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms.

2024 Nanoscale Advances 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Combined Effect of Polystyrene Particles and Copper Ions on the Vital Parameters of Daphnia Magna in a Series of Generations

Researchers studied the combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and copper ions on Daphnia magna over four generations using both short-term and continuous exposure designs. Toxicity was greater under combined exposure and increased across generations, suggesting cumulative intergenerational harm from mixed pollutant stress.

2025 Transactions of Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS
Article Tier 2

Combined Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Enrofloxacin on the Life Histories and Gut Microbiota of Daphnia magna

Researchers exposed Daphnia magna to polystyrene nanoplastics and the antibiotic enrofloxacin alone and in combination, measuring life history traits and gut microbiota responses. Both stressors individually reduced survival and reproduction, and combined exposure altered the taxonomic composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota more than either contaminant alone.

2022 Water 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Exploring the combined toxic effects of tri-n-butyl phosphate and polystyrene micro/nano-plastics on Daphnia magna under environmentally relevant concentrations

Researchers explored the combined toxic effects of the flame retardant tri-n-butyl phosphate and polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics on the water flea Daphnia magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. The study found that co-exposure to both pollutants altered gene expression related to stress responses, suggesting that the combined presence of these emerging contaminants may pose greater risks to aquatic organisms than either pollutant alone.

2025 Environmental Geochemistry and Health 1 citations