Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Edibility of cultivated green seaweed Ulva intestinalis from Monkhali Beach, Cox’s Bazar coast of Bangladesh: bio-toxicity and heavy metal contents

Researchers tested whether a green seaweed (Ulva intestinalis) farmed in Bangladesh was safe to eat by exposing several test organisms to its extracts and measuring its heavy metal content, finding no significant toxicity and heavy metal levels well below dangerous thresholds. The results suggest this seaweed could be a viable functional food or health supplement for consumers in Bangladesh.

2024 Scientific Reports 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Minerals and Heavy Metal Composition in Seaweeds of the Eastern Coast, Northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Researchers analyzed mineral and heavy metal content across nine seaweed species collected from the Bangladesh coast, finding species- and phyla-specific variation in Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations linked to environmental parameters and metabolic factors.

2022 The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Food Safety Risks Posed by Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) related to Consumption of Sea Cucumbers

This review assessed food safety risks associated with sea cucumber consumption, finding that these marine animals can accumulate heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants depending on their species and habitat, warranting careful monitoring as global demand and aquaculture of sea cucumbers expand.

2022 Foods 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Food safety in the seaweed food supply chain : Inventory of production, consumption and chemical and physical hazards

This Dutch food safety report inventories the chemical and physical hazards — including microplastics — present in seaweed cultivated for human consumption. As the seaweed food market grows, understanding contamination risks including plastic particles is important for protecting consumer health.

2020 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Heavy Metal Depuration Steps for Gracilaria chilensis in Outdoor Culture Systems

This study tested methods for removing heavy metal contaminants from the seaweed Gracilaria chilensis grown in outdoor aquaculture systems exposed to polluted coastal waters. Multiple depuration steps reduced metal concentrations to safer levels, though effectiveness varied by metal type. Safe heavy metal removal protocols are essential for producing seaweed suitable for pharmaceutical and food applications.

2022 Molecules 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Dietary exposure to heavy metals and iodine intake via consumption of seaweeds and halophytes in the European population

The European Food Safety Authority assessed dietary exposure to heavy metals and iodine from consuming seaweeds and halophytes across European populations. Researchers analyzed over 2,000 data points and found that while seaweed consumption can contribute beneficial iodine, it also carries risks of exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. The study suggests that monitoring and regulation of heavy metals in these increasingly popular foods is important for consumer safety.

2023 EFSA Journal 42 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Consumer Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Frozen Demersal Fish and Cephalopod Products from Benoa Port, Bali Province

This study measured heavy metal concentrations in demersal fish and cephalopods landed at Benoa Port in Bali, Indonesia, and assessed the health risks for consumers who regularly eat these seafood products. Several metals were detected at levels warranting attention for frequent consumers, particularly for vulnerable population groups.

2024 JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia

Researchers measured accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in the marine alga Caulerpa racemosa, seawater, and sediments around Bintan Island, Indonesia, finding elevated concentrations linked to ex-mining activity and domestic waste.

2021 F1000Research 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxic and Trace Elements in Seaweeds from a North Atlantic Ocean Region (Tenerife, Canary Islands)

Researchers measured trace and toxic element concentrations in two red algae species (Asparagopsis spp. and Liagora spp.) from Tenerife's southern coast, finding high levels of iron, aluminum, and boron indicative of significant marine pollution. The results suggest these algae can serve as bioindicators of metal contamination in this low-industrialized North Atlantic region.

2022 Sustainability 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Seaweed as a sink for microplastic contamination: Uptake, identifications and food safety implications

This review examines how seaweed, a widely consumed food, absorbs and accumulates microplastics from ocean water. Research shows seaweed can account for up to 45.5% of total dietary microplastic intake in some regions, with particularly high levels in South Asia. The findings are concerning for human health because seaweed is eaten directly and is also increasingly used in health supplements and food additives.

2025 Environmental Research 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment in farmed scallops: Low level of Cd in coastal water could lead to high risk of seafood

Researchers tested three species of farmed scallops from China's Bohai and Yellow Seas and found that cadmium (a toxic heavy metal) exceeded safe limits in 96% of samples, posing non-cancer and cancer health risks to both adults and children. The digestive gland accumulated the highest metal levels, and the study recommends limiting whole scallop consumption to no more than 127 grams per week for adults.

2020 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 57 citations
Article Tier 2

Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia

Essential and non-essential heavy metals were measured in the green alga Caulerpa racemosa, seawater, and sediments from Bintan Island, Indonesia, with results showing accumulation of lead and cadmium at levels influenced by proximity to ex-mining areas and domestic waste sources. The study provides baseline data on heavy metal contamination in a Southeast Asian coastal ecosystem affected by multiple anthropogenic stressors.

2022 F1000Research 14 citations
Article Tier 2

A review on heavy metal levels in sea cucumbers

This review summarizes data on heavy metal concentrations in sea cucumbers across different environments, noting that these filter feeders accumulate metals from sediment and water. Sea cucumbers are commercially harvested seafood, and their accumulation of contaminants including microplastics and associated metals raises food safety concerns.

2020 International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Food safety hazards in the European seaweed chain

Researchers reviewed food safety hazards in the European seaweed supply chain, ranking 22 potential hazards based on available evidence. Arsenic, cadmium, iodine, and Salmonella were identified as major hazards, while micro- and nanoplastics were among the hazards where significant data gaps exist. The study recommends collecting more data on these under-researched hazards, noting that factors like seaweed type, cultivation location, and processing methods all influence contaminant levels.

2020 Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 184 citations
Article Tier 2

Seasonal Monitoring of Ocean Parameter Over Green Mussel Cultivation area in West Part of Cirebon Seawater

Researchers conducted seasonal monitoring of physical and chemical seawater parameters at green mussel cultivation sites in the West Cirebon region of Indonesia, measuring temperature, salinity, pH, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, orthophosphate, and heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd) to assess water quality safety following a prior toxic mussel event.

2023 ILMU KELAUTAN Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 3 citations
Review Tier 2

The use of green mussel as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in Indonesia: a review

This review covers the use of Asian green mussel Perna viridis as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in Indonesian waters, summarizing studies on metal accumulation in mussel tissue relative to water quality and discussing implications for seafood safety.

2021 Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination in seaweed: impacts on human health and mitigation approaches

This review found that microplastics contaminate many types of edible seaweed, with fibers and fragments being the most common forms. Since seaweed is consumed worldwide, these microplastics can enter the human body and potentially cause oxidative damage, cell toxicity, and neurotoxicity. More research is needed to fully understand the health risks of eating microplastic-contaminated seaweed.

2025 Discover Oceans 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioremediation of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using seaweeds

Researchers tested three types of dried seaweed for their ability to remove petroleum compounds and heavy metals from wastewater. They found that all three seaweed species effectively absorbed these pollutants, with removal rates improving as seaweed concentration increased. The study suggests that seaweed could serve as a low-cost, natural material for cleaning contaminated water.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Heavy metals in sediment, microplastic and sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from farms in China

Researchers measured eight heavy metals in sediment, isolated microplastics, and the body wall of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) from farms in China, finding that cadmium and arsenic were present at higher median concentrations in sea cucumber tissue than in surrounding sediment, suggesting bioaccumulation.

2019 Marine Pollution Bulletin 125 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioconcentration of Heavy Metals in Milkfish Reared in Stick-Net Pens System: Implications for Open Water Environmental Contamination and Food Safety

Researchers measured concentrations of heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, copper, and lead in both the coastal waters and milkfish meat at stick-net pen cultivation sites in Tanjung Mas, Semarang City, Indonesia. The study assessed bioconcentration of these metals in farmed milkfish and the implications for food safety and open water environmental contamination.

2024 Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Article Tier 2

Heavy metal accumulation in a bioindicator species, Limpet Patella caerulea, in Yalova (İzmit Bay): Risk assessment for human health

Researchers examined monthly heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, and iron) in the whole-body tissue of the limpet Patella caerulea as a bioindicator species in Izmit Bay, Marmara Sea, and conducted a human health risk assessment based on measured metal levels. The study found that cadmium levels exceeded safe limits in all sampled months and lead exceeded limits in autumn, indicating potential health risks for consumers of limpets from this heavily industrialized coastal area.

2022 Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment of Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Their Ecological Risk in Sea Lettuce (Ulva spp.) along the Coast Alexandria, Egypt: Implications for Sustainable Management

Researchers investigated heavy metal contamination in sea lettuce (Ulva species) and surrounding sediments and waters at seven eutrophicated locations along the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt. The study found moderate to high contamination levels for most elements, with the El-Tabia and Abu Qir locations showing the highest concentrations due to proximity to industrial drains and harbors. Bioaccumulation analysis revealed that the studied seaweed species are effective accumulators of heavy metals, which has implications for both ecological monitoring and sustainable coastal management.

2023 Sustainability 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Quality and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Zhuhai Coast, China

Researchers assessed heavy metal distribution and ecological risk in seawater, sediments, and organisms across the Zhuhai coast of China, finding that copper, zinc, and lead exceeded seawater standards and that cadmium and copper posed moderately high ecological risk. Chemical company emissions were identified as the main contributors to the elevated cadmium and copper levels.

2022 Frontiers in Marine Science 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Short Communication: First report on the occurrence of microplastic contamination in mariculture Eucheuma cottonii from Lancang Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia

This short communication reports the first recorded microplastic contamination in mariculture red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) from Lancang Island, Indonesia, finding fibrous blue microplastics of approximately 400 µm, consistent with global patterns of fibrous MP dominance.

2024 Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity