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Examination of heavy metal content in the cultivation of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed in Nusa Lembongan and evaluation of health risks for humans
Summary
Heavy metal analysis (Pb, Cd, As) of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed cultivated in Nusa Lembongan, Indonesia found contamination levels that could pose health and food safety risks, underscoring the need for monitoring programs in seaweed cultivation sites used for herbal, cosmetic, and food applications.
Eucheuma cottonii seaweed is known as a potential biological agent to be developed as a herbal raw material in the health sector, raw material for the cosmetic industry and as a functional food sector. The safety of herbal raw materials to be used, especially in the health and food sectors, must be free from all kinds of contaminants, especially heavy metals (Pb, Cd and As). Heavy metals have become a very serious threat to ecosystems and public health because they are able to affect the food chain. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals in Eucheuma cottonii seaweed in the Nusa Lembongan seaweed cultivation area and to calculate the health risks posed to humans if consumed. The concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd and As contained in the seaweed Eucheuma cottonii in Nusa Lembongan are respectively; 1,2824±0,4626 ppm, 0,0429±0,0250 ppm, dan 0,0006 ± 0,0005 ppm. The estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) for arsenic values were obtained by correlating the heavy metal content in Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. The EDI, EWI and THQ values obtained do not indicate a dangerous level for humans if they consume Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. The TCR value of arsenic metal also shows that the risk of cancer is low so that Eucheuma cottonii seaweed in the Nusa Lembongan seaweed cultivation area is safe if used and consumption of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed does not pose any long-term health risks.
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