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Heavy metal accumulation in a bioindicator species, Limpet Patella caerulea, in Yalova (İzmit Bay): Risk assessment for human health
Summary
Researchers examined monthly heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, and iron) in the whole-body tissue of the limpet Patella caerulea as a bioindicator species in Izmit Bay, Marmara Sea, and conducted a human health risk assessment based on measured metal levels. The study found that cadmium levels exceeded safe limits in all sampled months and lead exceeded limits in autumn, indicating potential health risks for consumers of limpets from this heavily industrialized coastal area.
In this study, monthly heavy metal concentrations in the whole-body tissue of Patella caerulea (Mediterranean limpets), a bioindicator species living in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Izmit (Marmara Sea), were examined for the first time. The mean metal concentrations in Patella caerulea (mg kg-1 dw) were 2.01–5.74 Cd, 2.45–12.90 Cu, 0.74–1.95 Pb, 21.12–109.57 Zn, 16.31–154.67 Ni, and 1120.67–3086.00 Fe. Cd levels in all months and Pb levels in October and November were found to be above the safe limits set by international organizations. The estimated daily intakes and estimated weekly intakes determined for each heavy metal were below the acceptable daily intakes and provisional tolerable weekly intakes. However, the target hazard quotient and total target hazard quotient values calculated for Cd, Ni, and Fe were found to be higher than 1. The carcinogenic risk value was also found to be high.
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