Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Polystyrene nanoplastics foster Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth and antibiotic resistance with a stimulating effect on metabolism

Researchers found that polystyrene nanoplastics promoted the growth and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 by stimulating bacterial metabolism, raising concerns about increased contamination risks in aquatic environments.

2023 Environmental Science Nano 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Nano- and Microplastics Aided by Extracellular Polymeric Substances Facilitate the Conjugative Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria

Researchers found that nanoplastics and small microplastics significantly enhance the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria by damaging cell membranes and stimulating extracellular polymeric substance production, raising concerns about plastic pollution driving antimicrobial resistance.

2022 ACS ES&T Water 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene nanoparticles induce biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Researchers found that polystyrene nanoparticles caused the common bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form thicker biofilms and become more resistant to antibiotics. The nanoplastics damaged bacterial cell membranes and triggered a stress response, prompting the bacteria to produce more protective biofilm as a defense mechanism. This is concerning for human health because it suggests nanoplastic pollution could make disease-causing bacteria harder to treat with existing antibiotics.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 26 citations
Article Tier 2

How nanoscale plastics facilitate the evolution of antibiotic resistance?

Researchers explored how nanoscale plastic particles promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. They found that exposure to nanoplastics increased oxidative stress in bacteria, which in turn accelerated mutations and horizontal gene transfer that confer resistance to antibiotics. The study suggests that nanoplastic pollution could be an overlooked factor contributing to the global antibiotic resistance crisis.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Unraveling the effect of micro/nanoplastics on the occurrence and horizontal transfer of environmental antibiotic resistance genes: Advances, mechanisms and future prospects

This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. The tiny plastic particles create conditions that help bacteria exchange resistance genes more easily by generating oxidative stress, making cell membranes more permeable, and providing surfaces where resistant bacteria can form communities. This is a growing public health concern because antibiotic-resistant infections are increasingly difficult to treat.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of microplastic concentration, composition, and size on Escherichia coli biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance

This study examined how different types of microplastics affect the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through biofilm formation. The researchers found that the concentration, composition, and size of microplastic particles all influence how effectively bacteria like E. coli develop drug resistance. These findings are important because they help explain how widespread plastic pollution may be contributing to the growing global crisis of antibiotic resistance.

2025 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Bacterial Interactions with Nanoplastics and the Environmental Effects They Cause

This review examined how bacteria interact with nanoplastics in natural environments, covering colonization, biofilm formation, gene transfer, and ecological effects, emphasizing that bacterial-nanoplastic interactions are critical for assessing environmental risk.

2023 Fermentation 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Clinically important E. coli strains can persist, and retain their pathogenicity, on environmental plastic and fabric waste

Researchers found that disease-causing E. coli strains can survive on environmental plastic waste for at least 28 days and retain their ability to cause infection. In some cases, the bacteria became even more virulent after living on plastic surfaces. The study reveals that plastic pollution in the environment can serve as a reservoir for human pathogens, posing a public health risk especially in polluted areas.

2023 Environmental Pollution 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of selected microplastics on the development and spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Scientists found that tiny plastic particles (microplastics) can help dangerous bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, making infections harder to treat. The smaller plastic pieces were especially good at helping bacteria develop this resistance, and bacteria also formed protective films on the plastic surfaces. This matters because microplastics are everywhere in our environment and food, potentially making antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" more common and threatening our ability to fight bacterial infections.

2026 Folia Microbiologica
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as active modulators of Escherichia coli biofilm characteristics and their implications on the development of antimicrobial resistance

Researchers found that E. coli biofilms grown in the presence of microplastic beads developed significantly enhanced tolerance to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, with approximately 60% of cells surviving exposure compared to minimal survival in controls. The microplastic-associated biofilms were nearly seven times thicker and showed enriched extracellular matrix components, suggesting that microplastics may actively promote antimicrobial resistance development.

2026 Biofilm
Article Tier 2

A neglected risk of nanoplastics as revealed by the promoted transformation of plasmid‐borne ampicillin resistance gene by Escherichia coli

Researchers discovered that polystyrene nanoplastics can significantly promote the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria, increasing transformation efficiency by 2.8 to 5.4 fold. The study found that nanoplastics induced oxidative stress, activated bacterial SOS responses, and increased cell membrane permeability, facilitating the uptake of resistance-carrying DNA, while larger microplastics had no such effect.

2022 Environmental Microbiology 62 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure to Nanoplastic Particles Enhances Acinetobacter Survival, Biofilm Formation, and Serum Resistance

Researchers found that nanopolystyrene particles enhance the survival, biofilm formation, and serum resistance of the bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter johnsonii, suggesting nanoplastics may increase the virulence and persistence of environmental pathogens.

2022 Nanomaterials 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of polystyrene nanoplastics exposure on gene expression and pathogenesis of zoonotic pathogen, Edwardsiella piscicida

Researchers exposed the fish pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida to polystyrene nanoplastics and found that the plastic particles altered the expression of genes related to the bacterium's ability to cause disease. The nanoplastics appeared to enhance the pathogen's virulence and stress response systems. The study suggests that nanoplastic pollution in water could make certain bacterial infections in fish more severe.

2024 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene nanoplastics and pathogen plasticity: Toxic threat or tolerated stressor in Salmonella enterica?

Researchers examined how polystyrene nanoplastics affect Salmonella enterica, a major foodborne pathogen, across a range of concentrations. They found that nanoplastics induced oxidative stress, membrane damage, and increased biofilm formation, while also triggering early activation of virulence and stress-response genes. The study suggests that nanoplastic pollution in the environment could alter bacterial survival strategies and potentially influence food safety risks.

2026 Journal of Hazardous Materials
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics induce prophage activation and quorum sensing to enhance biofilm mechanical and chemical resilience

Researchers found that polystyrene nanoplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations promote the formation of more resilient bacterial biofilms by triggering viral activation and cell-to-cell communication within microbial communities. The nanoplastics caused oxidative stress that activated dormant viruses within bacteria, which in turn stimulated protective biofilm production with enhanced resistance to chlorine disinfection. The findings suggest that nanoplastic pollution could make harmful bacterial communities in water systems harder to eliminate through standard treatment methods.

2025 Water Research 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics promote the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and diversify their bacterial hosts in soil

Nanoplastics in soil were found to promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes far more than larger microplastics, even at very low concentrations. The nanoplastics changed which bacteria carried resistance genes and enabled some bacteria to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics simultaneously. This is a significant concern for human health because nanoplastics in agricultural soil could accelerate the spread of drug-resistant bacteria that make infections harder to treat.

2023 Eco-Environment & Health 47 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics reduce the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of E. coli by THP1-Blue™ NFκB monocytes

Researchers exposed human immune cells to micro- and nanoplastic particles and then measured their ability to engulf and kill bacteria. They found that plastic exposure reduced both phagocytosis (the ability to capture bacteria) and intracellular killing in a dose-dependent manner, without directly killing the immune cells. The study suggests that microplastic exposure could weaken the body's first line of immune defense against bacterial infections.

2025 Infection 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics promote the dissemination of antibiotic resistance through conjugative gene transfer: implications from oxidative stress and gene expression

Sulfate-modified polystyrene nanoplastics were found to facilitate the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between E. coli strains more effectively than larger particles, operating through SOS response induction, increased membrane permeability, and altered gene expression. The findings highlight nanoplastics as potential accelerators of antibiotic resistance spread in the environment.

2023 Environmental Science Nano 24 citations
Article Tier 2

How micro-/nano-plastics influence the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes - A review

This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics help spread antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria -- a major global health threat. The tiny plastic particles can act as platforms where bacteria exchange DNA carrying drug-resistance instructions, potentially making infections harder to treat. The effect depends on the type, size, and concentration of plastics, and has been documented in sewage, livestock farms, and landfills.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution increases gene exchange in aquatic ecosystems

Researchers found that microplastics in aquatic environments serve as surfaces where bacteria form biofilms and exchange genes at higher rates than free-living bacteria. The study demonstrated increased transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among a wide range of bacterial species growing on microplastic particles. The findings suggest that microplastic pollution could accelerate the spread of antibiotic resistance in waterways, posing a potential hazard to both ecosystems and human health.

2018 Environmental Pollution 582 citations
Article Tier 2

Combined effects of nanosized polystyrene and erythromycin on bacterial growth and resistance mutations in Escherichia coli

Researchers found that polystyrene nanoplastics — particularly amino-modified and 30 nm particles — increased antibiotic resistance mutations in Escherichia coli by inducing oxidative DNA damage and the bacterial SOS stress response, and that positively charged particles synergistically enhanced erythromycin toxicity by acting as antibiotic carriers.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 78 citations
Article Tier 2

A review on the effect of micro- and nano-plastics pollution on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance

This review highlights how microplastics serve as breeding grounds for antimicrobial resistance genes, examining the overlooked interaction between plastic pollution and antibiotic resistance that poses combined threats to environmental and human health.

2022 Chemosphere 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Determining the Contribution of Micro/Nanoplastics to Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Perspectives

This review examines how microplastics in the environment serve as surfaces where antibiotic-resistant bacteria can grow and exchange resistance genes, potentially worsening the global antimicrobial resistance crisis. Researchers found that the unique surface properties of micro- and nanoplastics create favorable conditions for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among microorganisms. The study highlights that microplastic pollution and antibiotic resistance are interconnected environmental health challenges that may need to be addressed together.

2023 Environmental Science & Technology 64 citations
Article Tier 2

Biofilm enhances the interactive effects of microplastics and oxytetracycline on zebrafish intestine

Researchers found that microplastics coated with bacterial biofilms (natural microbial layers that form in water) caused more intestinal damage to zebrafish than clean microplastics. The biofilm-coated particles increased pathogenic bacteria in the gut by several times and significantly boosted antibiotic resistance genes. This matters because microplastics in real-world water are almost always coated with biofilms, meaning the actual health risks from waterborne microplastics may be greater than lab studies using clean particles suggest.

2024 Aquatic Toxicology 17 citations