Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Quantification and Evaluation of Grey Water Footprint in Yantai

Researchers quantified grey water footprint — the freshwater volume needed to dilute pollutants to safe levels — in Yantai, China from 2014 to 2019, finding agricultural runoff was the dominant contributor and that overall footprint declined by 2019 following pollution control efforts.

2022 Water 23 citations
Article Tier 2

From drainage to resource: a practice approach to reuse greywater for household irrigation purposes

This study reviewed practical approaches to reusing household greywater for irrigation purposes as a strategy for addressing freshwater scarcity. The research highlights that while treated greywater can reduce potable water consumption, concerns remain about contaminants including microplastics that may be present in greywater streams.

2024 Water Practice & Technology 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplásticos em água cinza

This study examined microplastic contamination in greywater (household wastewater from washing), finding that laundry and personal care product use introduce significant quantities of microplastics into domestic wastewater streams. The research highlights greywater as an underexamined pathway of microplastic release into water systems.

2024 LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Article Tier 2

Water circularity index: A novel approach for authorities and operators

This paper proposes a novel water circularity index that evaluates both quantity and quality dimensions of water use across an entire usage cycle, going beyond traditional single-metric efficiency frameworks. The index is intended to help water authorities and operators assess and optimize the circular use of water resources in integrated systems.

2025 Chemosphere 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Treatment of greywater and presence of microplastics in on-site systems

Researchers investigated microplastic occurrence in on-site wastewater treatment systems used for greywater, finding that these decentralized systems do not fully remove microplastics before discharge. The study highlights a poorly studied pathway for microplastics entering the environment.

2024 Journal of Environmental Management 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Benefits and limitations of recycled water systems in the building sector: a review

Researchers reviewed the benefits and challenges of recycling greywater (lightly used household water) in buildings, finding it can improve concrete workability by 12–14% and reduce strain on freshwater supplies. While promising for sustainability, widespread adoption is held back by dual-pipe infrastructure costs, water quality concerns, and gaps in regulation.

2024 Environmental Chemistry Letters 39 citations
Article Tier 2

Research status and prospect of microplastics in ship grey water

This review examines microplastic pollution in ship grey water, covering potential sources, current management measures, and progress in qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques for characterizing marine grey water microplastics. The authors propose future research directions including standardized analytical frameworks and improved estimation methods for marine plastic inputs from vessels.

2024 E3S Web of Conferences
Article Tier 2

Greywater Reuse: Contaminant Profile, Health Implications, and Sustainable Solutions

This review examines the safety of reusing household greywater (from laundry, bathing, and dishes) and finds it contains a wide range of contaminants including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and pathogens. The authors highlight that microplastics from synthetic clothing fibers are especially common in laundry greywater. Reusing this water for irrigation or other purposes without proper treatment could introduce microplastics and other harmful substances into soil and food crops.

2025 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Emerging Pollutants in Wastewater: A Challenge for Water Reuse

This review examines emerging pollutants in wastewater as a central challenge for water reuse strategies, covering contaminants present at both domestic and industrial scales. It evaluates the sustainability benefits and treatment hurdles associated with recycling wastewater to address global water scarcity.

2025 Advances in water security
Article Tier 2

Novel Quantitative Evaluation of Biotreatment Suitability of Wastewater

This study developed a new framework for evaluating how suitable wastewater is for biological treatment, going beyond standard water quality indicators. Better assessment tools could improve wastewater treatment efficiency and reduce pollutant discharges, including microplastics.

2022 Water 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Funktion hos enskilda anläggningar och en grön vägg för behandling av bad-, disk- och tvättvatten

This Swedish thesis examines the performance of decentralized greywater treatment systems including constructed wetlands and green walls, assessing their ability to remove pollutants including microplastics from household wastewater.

2023 KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Article Tier 2

Identification of biomarkers in wastewater-based epidemiology: Main approaches and analytical methods

This review covers biomarker identification in wastewater-based epidemiology, examining how emerging contaminants including microplastics and pharmaceuticals in wastewater can serve as population-level indicators of disease, health behaviors, and chemical exposures in cities.

2021 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Wastewater matters: incorporating wastewater treatment and reuse into a process-based hydrological model (CWatM v1.08)

This study integrated wastewater treatment and reuse processes into the CWatM hydrological model, enabling large-scale simulation of how wastewater management affects urban water availability and hydrological dynamics.

2025 Geoscientific model development
Article Tier 2

Spatial Characteristics and Driving Forces of the Water Footprint of Spring Maize Production in Northern China

Researchers calculated blue, grey, green, and total water footprints for spring maize production across Northeast China's provinces and municipalities in 2019 and 2020, using the water footprint methodology to evaluate water-use efficiency. They found grey water footprints dominated (accounting for roughly 50-55% of total), identified significant spatial variation driven by irrigation practices and precipitation, and analyzed the key drivers of regional differences in agricultural water consumption.

2023 Agriculture 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Recycling – The future urban sink for wastewater and organic waste

Researchers analyzed how recycling urban wastewater and organic waste as agricultural fertilizer could become a sustainable solution for feeding a growing global population, finding that keeping nutrient-rich sewage separate from chemically contaminated greywater is essential to making this work. The analysis suggests that cities could replace environmentally damaging phosphorus and potassium mining with urban waste recycling if infrastructure is redesigned accordingly.

2023 City and Environment Interactions 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Effectiveness of conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants in microplastics removal: Insights from multiple analytical techniques

Researchers evaluated the effectiveness of conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants in removing microplastics across multiple treatment stages, finding removal efficiencies of 70–90% but documenting that billions of particles still pass through in final effluent daily.

2025 Journal of Environmental Sciences 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhancing water quality prediction: a machine learning approach across diverse water environments

Researchers compared seven machine learning models for predicting water quality parameters using six years of wastewater treatment plant data. The gradient boosting model performed best overall, accurately predicting parameters related to water contamination. While the study focuses on general water quality rather than microplastics specifically, these predictive tools could be applied to monitoring microplastic-relevant conditions in treatment systems.

2025 Water Quality Research Journal 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of a Routine Screening Method for the Microplastic Mass Content in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

Researchers developed a routine screening method to quantify microplastic mass content in wastewater treatment plant effluent, addressing the need for standardized, practical monitoring tools that can be integrated into regular facility operations.

2022 Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards Adaptive Water Quality Indexing: Integrating Fuzzy Logic for Improved Contaminant Detection and Treatment Planning

This study proposed integrating fuzzy logic into water quality index calculations to better handle the uncertainty and compounding effects of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and personal care products that conventional water quality indices were not designed to assess.

2025 Proceedings of the International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering
Article Tier 2

Urban Water Quality Assessment Based on Remote Sensing Reflectance Optical Classification

Researchers developed an urban water quality assessment method combining remote sensing reflectance optical classification with traditional water quality grading principles, enabling spatially and temporally continuous monitoring of urban water bodies.

2021 Remote Sensing 26 citations