Papers

28 results
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Article Tier 2

Direct observation and identification of nanoplastics in ocean water

Researchers developed a new technique to directly see and identify nanoplastics (plastic particles smaller than a micrometer) in ocean water for the first time. They found nylon, polystyrene, and PET particles in samples from two oceans, appearing as tiny fibers, flakes, and other shapes made from plastics commonly used in everyday products.

2024 Science Advances 105 citations
Review Tier 2

Analysing micro- and nanoplastics with cutting-edge infrared spectroscopy techniques: a critical review

This review evaluates cutting-edge infrared spectroscopy techniques for detecting and analyzing micro- and nanoplastics in environmental and food samples. Better detection methods are crucial for understanding human exposure because they allow scientists to measure smaller particles more accurately, including nanoplastics that are small enough to cross biological barriers and accumulate in human tissues.

2024 Analytical Methods 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Cellular response of keratinocytes to the entry and accumulation of nanoplastic particles

Researchers studied how nanoplastic particles interact with human skin cells when the protective outer skin layer is compromised. They found that nanoplastics readily penetrate and accumulate inside skin cells, triggering stress responses and activating inflammatory pathways -- suggesting that people with damaged or sensitive skin may be especially vulnerable to nanoplastic absorption.

2024 Particle and Fibre Toxicology 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental protein corona on nanoplastics altered the responses of skin keratinocytes and fibroblast cells to the particles

This study found that when nanoplastics pick up a natural protein coating from seawater, they interact with human skin cells differently than bare nanoplastics. The protein-coated particles entered skin cells through new pathways and triggered inflammatory responses, including signals linked to immune activation. This is important because it means nanoplastics in the real environment may be more biologically active than what lab studies using clean particles suggest.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Sorption, Extraction, and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmentally Weathered Microplastics, Particulate Organic Matter, Sediment, and Fish Species in the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay System

Researchers studied how microplastics carry cancer-causing chemicals called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay system in Texas. They found PAHs attached to microplastics, sediment, and in the digestive systems of three commercially important fish species. This shows that microplastics can act as vehicles for toxic chemicals in coastal waters, potentially affecting the safety of fish that people eat.

2025 Environment & Health 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Adsorption and removal of polystyrene nanoplastics from water by green-engineered clays

Scientists developed green clay materials made from natural chlorophyll and montmorillonite that can effectively bind and remove polystyrene nanoplastics from drinking water. The materials showed high binding capacity and significantly reduced nanoplastic toxicity in lab organisms. This research is promising for water treatment because it offers an eco-friendly way to reduce human exposure to nanoplastics through contaminated drinking water.

2023 Water Research 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Determination of the optical interference of iron oxide nanoparticles in fluorometric cytotoxicity assays

Researchers investigated how iron oxide nanoparticles interfere with common laboratory tests used to measure cell toxicity, including fluorometric and colorimetric assays. They found that the nanoparticles significantly absorb light across the visible spectrum, which can skew results and make toxicity readings unreliable. The study provides guidance on how to add proper controls to these experiments so that researchers get accurate measurements when testing iron oxide nanomaterials.

2024 Heliyon 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Materials, surfaces, and interfacial phenomena in nanoplastics toxicology research

This review examines how the materials and surface properties of engineered nanoplastics used in toxicology research may not accurately represent real environmental nanoplastics. Researchers found that surfactants, fluorescent labels, and surface modifications commonly applied to lab-made nanoparticles can alter their toxicological profiles in unpredictable ways. The study calls for greater attention to how particle surface chemistry and preparation methods influence experimental outcomes in nanoplastics safety research.

2021 Environmental Pollution 84 citations
Article Tier 2

Testing an Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Method for Magnetic Separation of Nanoplastics and Microplastics from Water

Researchers tested iron oxide nanoparticles with hydrophobic coatings as a method for magnetically separating micro- and nanoplastics from water. The approach achieved 100% removal of larger microplastics and nearly 90% removal of nanoplastics using a simple permanent magnet, suggesting a viable method for water purification and environmental monitoring.

2022 Nanomaterials 78 citations
Article Tier 2

Sea salt associated microplastics amplify pathogenic Vibrio and impair development in brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana)

Researchers found that microplastics present in harvested sea salt promoted biofilm formation by the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio harveyi and impaired the development of brine shrimp. The study suggests that microplastic contamination in sea salt could amplify pathogenic bacteria and increase infection risks in inland mariculture operations.

2025 Marine Pollution Bulletin 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic particle versus fiber generation during photo-transformation in simulated seawater

Researchers exposed common plastic films and fibers to simulated sunlight in seawater and tracked the photo-transformation process, finding that particles and fibers formed at different rates and that UV irradiation preferentially generates certain morphologies depending on the parent polymer.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 95 citations
Article Tier 2

Accumulation of Nanoplastics in Biomphalaria glabrata Embryos and Transgenerational Developmental Effects

Three generations of Biomphalaria glabrata snail embryos exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles (30–500 nm) showed size- and dose-dependent increases in mortality and developmental defects, with transgenerational effects observed even in unexposed F2 offspring of exposed parents.

2025 Environments
Article Tier 2

Proceed with caution: The need to raise the publication bar for microplastics research

This commentary argues that microplastics research suffers from a lack of methodological rigor and calls on journals and reviewers to enforce higher standards for clear, reproducible methods. The authors emphasize this is especially important because plastic pollution policy is being developed in real time alongside a rapidly evolving scientific field.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 123 citations
Article Tier 2

A Holistic Assessment of Polyethylene Fiber Ingestion in Larval and Juvenile Japanese Medaka Fish

Japanese medaka larvae and juveniles exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene fibers showed intestinal histological changes, altered gut microbiota composition, and disrupted lipid metabolism, with effects dependent on both exposure concentration and the developmental stage at which exposure occurred.

2021 Frontiers in Physiology 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Are We Underestimating Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments?

This review argues that current microplastic monitoring methods likely underestimate the true extent of contamination in aquatic environments, especially for small particles and fibers. The authors call for standardized, more sensitive detection methods to better inform regulation and risk assessment.

2017 Environmental Management 277 citations
Article Tier 2

Direct Observation of Nanoplastics in Ocean Water

This study directly observed nanoplastic particles in actual ocean water samples for the first time using advanced microscopy techniques, confirming the presence of nanoscale plastic fragments in marine environments and providing a method for studying their distribution and behavior.

2023 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Developmental Polyethylene Microplastic Fiber Exposure Entails Subtle Reproductive Impacts in Juvenile Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Japanese medaka fish exposed to environmentally relevant levels of polyethylene microplastic fibers throughout development showed subtle but measurable reproductive impacts including alterations in gonadal development. The findings suggest that chronic low-dose microplastic fiber exposure during early life may impair future reproductive capacity in fish.

2022 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Parity in bacterial communities and resistomes: Microplastic and natural organic particles in the Tyrrhenian Sea

Bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes on microplastic particles and natural organic particles in the Tyrrhenian Sea were found to be surprisingly similar, suggesting that microplastics may not selectively enrich for resistance genes in this context.

2024 Marine Pollution Bulletin 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Uptake of Nanoplastic particles by zebrafish embryos triggers the macrophage response at early developmental stage

Zebrafish embryos were exposed to fluorescently labeled nanoplastic particles of 30 nm and 100 nm, finding that uptake increased exponentially with time and that nanoparticles penetrated natural barriers triggering macrophage activation at early developmental stages. The results demonstrate that nanoplastics can interact with the embryonic immune system even before organ development is complete.

2023 Chemosphere 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Binary solvent extraction of microplastics from a complex environmental matrix

Researchers developed a simple, low-cost method for separating microplastics from complex environmental samples such as estuarine particulate organic matter and surface water using an ethanol-water binary solvent mixture. The technique achieved 89–93% recovery across a wide range of particle sizes (30–2500 µm) and polymer types without generating hazardous waste, aligning with Green Chemistry principles. Accessible, affordable extraction methods like this are important for scaling up microplastic monitoring globally.

2023 Limnology and Oceanography Methods 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in Corpus Christi Bay blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus

Researchers assessed microplastic contamination in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) from Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, finding microplastics in crab stomachs and identifying fragment and fiber morphologies associated with sediment ingestion during benthic foraging. The study documents microplastic exposure in a commercially and ecologically important estuarine crustacean in the Gulf of Mexico.

2020 Limnology and Oceanography Letters 78 citations
Article Tier 2

Using visualization techniques to assess the accumulation of nanoplastics with varying surface modifications

Researchers synthesized fluorescent PMMA nanoplastic particles to study cellular uptake and biodistribution in skin cells and zebrafish embryos, finding that PMMA nanoparticles can enter embryos and accumulate in larval bodies, and highlighting concerns that surface modifications on commercial polystyrene particles may produce misleading results in nanoplastic toxicity studies.

2023 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Molluscs along a salinity gradient in a hypersaline coastal lagoon, southern Gulf of Mexico

Researchers characterized mollusc communities along a salinity gradient in the hypersaline Río Lagartos coastal lagoon in Mexico, documenting the taxonomic composition, habitat preferences, and feeding guilds of species adapted to this extreme and ecologically dynamic environment.

2023 Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Binary Solvent Extraction of Microplastics from Complex Environmental Matrix.

Researchers tested a two-solvent extraction method for isolating microplastics from complex environmental matrices. An efficient extraction technique is important for accurately detecting and quantifying microplastics in samples like sediment and biological tissue that contain many other organic and inorganic compounds.

2023