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Microplastics - a potential risk to the safety of marine-origin food
Original title: Mikroplastika - potencijalni rizik za sigurnost hrane morskog podrijetla
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This is a Croatian-language review of microplastics as a potential food safety risk in marine-origin seafood. It summarizes evidence on microplastic presence in food, the physical and chemical hazards these particles pose, and growing consumer exposure concerns.
Mikroplastika (MP) je prepoznata kao okolišni kontaminant višestrukih opasnosti na temelju fizičkih učinaka zbog veličine čestica, oblika i koncentracije te kemijskih učinaka povezanih s opasnim kemikalijama. Sve je više dokaza o prisutnosti MP u hrani, a posljednjih godina se eksponencijalno povećava i broj publikacija o njezinoj prisutnosti u hrani morskog podrijetla. Međutim, analitičke metode detekcije u hrani morskog podrijetla su unatoč dostupnosti širokog spektra instrumentalnih tehnika za izolaciju i određivanje njezinih fizikalnih svojstava ograničene. Potpuni analitički postupak donosi podatke o kemijskom sastavu i morfološkoj strukturi čestica, ali niti jedna instrumentalna tehnika ne udovoljava svim zahtjevima analize MP. Primjena većeg raspona komplementarnih analitičkih metodologija u pogledu otkrivanja i identifikacije ispunjava zahtjevnost analize ovog okolišnog kontaminanta. Pojava i vrsta unesene MP, kao i njezini zdravstveni učinci koji se trenutno ispituju, uključuju biološke, kemijske i fizičke vrste utjecaja. U svrhu procjene utjecaja MP iz hrane morskog podrijetla na ljudsko zdravlje prvo se mora kvantificirati izloženost, a zatim utvrditi je li ta izloženost dovoljno velika da bi izazvala posljedice sa štetnim učincima. Izloženost ljudi hrani morskog podrijetla izaziva zabrinutosti zbog njezine kontinuirane akumulacije u okolišu. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati dosadašnje spoznaje o prisutnosti MP u hrani morskog podrijetla: školjkašima, ribi i rakovima kao glavnim izvorima. Posebno se analiziraju postojeći analitički pristupi ekstrakcije i instrumentalnog određivanja koncentracije, oblika i vrste materijala MP u zahtjevnim biološkim uzorcima. Istaknuta je potreba daljnje istraživačke aktivnosti o ovom kontaminantu, kao i potreba za stvaranje baze podataka koja je neophodna za uspostavu zakonodavstva u području hrane.
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