Impacts of polystyrene nanoplastics at the environmentally relevant and sub-lethal concentrations on the oxidative stress, immune responses, and gut microbiota to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Gauging the effects of a chronic exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics in the liver and intestine of Carassius auratus

Adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater commercial fish, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Emphasis on physiological response and intestinal microbiome

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Researchers exposed grass carp to different sizes and concentrations of polystyrene microplastics for up to 14 days, followed by a depuration period, and assessed physiological and intestinal microbiome effects. The study found that microplastics caused histological damage, oxidative stress, and shifts in gut microbial communities, with smaller particles and higher concentrations producing more severe effects.

Physiological Alterations and Immune Modulation in Fish Exposed to Microplastics

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Researchers reviewed the physiological and immunological effects of microplastic exposure in fish, finding that these particles smaller than 5 mm induce a range of biological disruptions including immune modulation, oxidative stress, and systemic health impacts with broader implications for aquatic ecosystem integrity.

Concurrent impacts of polystyrene nanoplastic exposure and Aeromonas hydrophila infection on oxidative stress, immune response and intestinal microbiota of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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Researchers studied the combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and a bacterial infection on grass carp, a common freshwater fish. They found that nanoplastic exposure worsened the impact of the infection by increasing oxidative stress, suppressing immune responses, and disrupting the gut microbiome. The study suggests that nanoplastic pollution in waterways could make fish more vulnerable to disease by weakening their natural defenses.

Impact of Microplastics and Nanomaterials on Fish Health: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

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Researchers review how exposure to microplastics, pesticides, and nanoparticles triggers oxidative stress in fish by generating reactive oxygen species, and examine how fish antioxidant defense mechanisms respond to these combined environmental stressors with implications for seafood safety and aquatic health.