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Impact of Microplastics and Nanomaterials on Fish Health: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
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Researchers review how exposure to microplastics, pesticides, and nanoparticles triggers oxidative stress in fish by generating reactive oxygen species, and examine how fish antioxidant defense mechanisms respond to these combined environmental stressors with implications for seafood safety and aquatic health.
Fish are a staple and inexpensive food source that is rich in animal protein, along with various vitamins, essential amino acids, and minerals; exposure to microplastics, pesticides, and various nanoparticles generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces...
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Physiological Alterations and Immune Modulation in Fish Exposed to Microplastics
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Researchers reviewed the physiological and immunological effects of microplastic exposure in fish, finding that these particles smaller than 5 mm induce a range of biological disruptions including immune modulation, oxidative stress, and systemic health impacts with broader implications for aquatic ecosystem integrity.
Toxicity Impact of Polyethylene Microplastics on Biochemical Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Benni Fish (Barbus sharpeyi)
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Benni fish exposed to increasing concentrations of polyethylene microplastics showed significant liver enzyme disruption, elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, and clear signs of oxidative damage in their cells. These dose-dependent biochemical changes suggest that microplastic exposure causes systemic physiological stress in fish, raising concerns about the health of species humans consume.
Toxicity of nano- and microplastics on marine and freshwater fish: A multi-scale perspective from organ systems to cells
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This review pulls together existing studies showing that tiny plastic particles (micro- and nanoplastics) can build up in fish, damaging their gut, gills, heart, brain, and immune system by causing inflammation and cellular stress. While this research was done in fish, it matters for us too, since these plastics are widespread in water and seafood, and fish share many biological similarities with humans, meaning our bodies could face similar risks from ongoing plastic exposure.
Current State of Research on the Prevalence of Microplastics in Aquatic Fish and Their Impact on Health
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Researchers reviewed microplastic contamination in fish across all seven continents, finding marine fish were studied 2.6 times more than freshwater species, and that microplastics trigger oxidative stress, alter biochemical pathways, and accumulate through biotransformation in fish tissues globally.
Microplastics in Fish: An Emerging Environmental Challenge
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This review synthesized evidence on microplastic bioavailability and accumulation in fish species globally, examining ingestion routes, tissue distribution, and potential health effects on both fish and human consumers. As a major dietary protein source for billions of people, fish contaminated with microplastics represent a direct and quantifiable pathway for human exposure to plastic particles and their adsorbed chemical pollutants.
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