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Analisis Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Air Sungai Bengawan Solo Wilayah Kelurahan Pucangsawit Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah
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Researchers analyzed water samples from the Bengawan Solo River in Surakarta, Indonesia, and found 199 microplastic particles with an average abundance of 19.9 particles per liter. Fiber-type microplastics were the most common form detected, though fragments, films, pellets, and foam were also observed. The findings confirm that this major river system is contaminated with microplastics, likely from surrounding human activities.
ABSTRACT Microplastics are plastics formed from large pieces of plastic that are then exposed to technical, thermal, and biological factors, causing them to breakdown into very small particles. Microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems had become an increasingly worrying environmental issue because it could disrupt aquatic biota, ecosystem stability, and human health. This research was a quantitative descriptive study that aimed to analyze the abundance of microplastics in the Bengawan Solo River in the Pucangsawit sub-district, Surakarta City. The research was conducted using purposive sampling at 10 stations with a total of 10 liters of water filtered using a 200 µm mesh, then decomposed using 30% H₂O₂ and identified using a binocular microscope. The results of the study found 199 microplastic particles with an abundance of 19.9 particles/L. The highest abundance being 43 particles/L and the lowest abundance was 7 particles/L. The types of microplastics were dominated by fibers, while microplastics in the form of fragments, films, pellets, and foam were also observed. Thus, it could be concluded that the Bengawan Solo River, particularly in the Pucangsawit Village area of Surakarta City, has been polluted by microplastics. Keywords : Microplastic, River, Abundance, Bengawan Solo. ABSTRAK Mikroplastik merupakan plastik yang terbentuk dari plastik berukuran besar yang kemudian terpapar oleh faktor teknis, termal dan biologis sehingga dapat terurai menjadi partikel-partikel yang sangat kecil. Pencemaran mikroplastik pada ekosistem air tawar menjadi isu lingkungan yang semakin mengkhawatirkan karena dapat mengganggu biota perairan, kestabilan ekosistem dan kesehatan manusia. Jenis penelitian berupa deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air Sungai Bengawan Solo di wilayah Kelurahan Pucangsawit, Kota Surakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan purposive sampling pada 10 lokasi dengan total 10 liter air yang disaring menggunakan mesh 200 µm, kemudian di penguraian zat organik menggunakan H₂O₂ 30% dan diidentifikasi melalui mikroskop binokuler. Hasil penelitian menemukan 199 partikel mikroplastik dengan kelimpahan 19,9 partikel/L, dengan kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu 43 partikel/L serta kelimpahan terendah yaitu 7 partikel/L. Jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan didominasi oleh fiber, selain itu juga ditemukan mikroplastik dengan jenis fragmen, film, pellet dan foam. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa Sungai Bengawan Solo khususnya pada wilayah Kelurahan Pucangsawit, Kota Surakarta telah tercemar mikroplastik. Kata Kunci: Mikroplastik, Sungai, Kelimpahan, Bengawan Solo.
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