Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Aggregation and Deposition Kinetics of Polystyrene Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environment

Researchers measured aggregation and deposition kinetics of 50 nm and 500 nm polystyrene particles under varying ionic strength and pH conditions, finding that both particle sizes aggregated rapidly at elevated salt concentrations and that the smaller nanoplastics were more mobile in column experiments.

2021 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 40 citations
Article Tier 2

The difference of aggregation mechanism between microplastics and nanoplastics: Role of Brownian motion and structural layer force

The aggregation mechanisms of 100-nm and 1-micrometer polystyrene particles were compared under different water chemistry conditions to understand how microplastics and nanoplastics behave differently in aquatic environments. The study found distinct aggregation pathways between the two size classes, driven by differences in electrostatic forces and surface properties.

2020 Environmental Pollution 126 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing the size transformation of nanoplastics in natural water matrices

Researchers studied how nanoplastics change in size when placed in different types of natural water, including freshwater and seawater. They found that factors like pH, salt content, and dissolved organic matter significantly influenced whether the particles clumped together or remained small. The findings are important for understanding how nanoplastics behave in real-world aquatic environments and assessing their potential risks.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of size and surface charge on the sedimentation of nanoplastics in freshwater

Researchers investigated how size and surface charge of polystyrene nanoplastics affect their sedimentation behavior in freshwater, finding that both properties significantly influence aggregation dynamics and settling rates, with implications for predicting nanoplastic fate in aquatic environments.

2023 Chemosphere 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Aggregation behavior of polystyrene nanoplastics: Role of surface functional groups and protein and electrolyte variation

Researchers studied how different surface coatings on polystyrene nanoplastics affect their tendency to clump together in water containing proteins and salts. They found that the type of surface functional group significantly changed how the particles aggregated, with proteins and electrolytes playing important roles in the process. The study helps explain how nanoplastics behave and transform as they move through natural water systems.

2023 Chemosphere 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene nanoplastics are unlikely to aggregate in freshwater bodies

Researchers tested whether polystyrene nanoplastics clump together in realistic freshwater conditions and found that they remained stable and dispersed even after a week. Smaller nanoplastics were slightly less stable than larger ones in calcium-rich water, but in natural surface water, canal water, and tap water, no aggregation occurred. The findings suggest that nanoplastics are likely to remain as individual particles in freshwater bodies, which may increase their potential to spread and interact with organisms.

2024 Environmental Pollution 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Aggregation kinetics of microplastics in aquatic environment: Complex roles of electrolytes, pH, and natural organic matter

Researchers found that the aggregation behavior of polystyrene microplastics in water was strongly influenced by pH, ionic strength, and the presence of natural organic matter, with divalent cations like calcium and magnesium promoting aggregation. Understanding aggregation kinetics is critical for predicting how microplastics partition between suspended and settled states in natural water bodies.

2018 Environmental Pollution 249 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental factors-mediated behavior of microplastics and nanoplastics in water: A review

This review examines how environmental conditions such as pH, salt levels, and organic matter influence how microplastics and nanoplastics behave in water. The study found that these factors significantly affect whether tiny plastic particles clump together or stay dispersed, which in turn determines how far they travel and how available they are for organisms to ingest.

2021 Chemosphere 151 citations
Article Tier 2

Mechanistic understanding of the aggregation kinetics of nanoplastics in marine environments: Comparing synthetic and natural water matrices

Researchers investigated aggregation kinetics of polystyrene nanoplastics in marine environments, finding that organic matter type and salt concentration strongly influenced particle stability, with nanoplastics in natural seawater aggregating differently than in synthetic matrices.

2022 Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics display strong stability in aqueous environments: Insights from aggregation behaviour and theoretical calculations

Nanoplastics released into aquatic environments were found to be highly stable and resist aggregation and settling under many conditions, meaning they can persist and disperse widely rather than quickly sinking. This environmental stability makes nanoplastics particularly concerning as long-lived and mobile contaminants in water systems.

2019 Environmental Pollution 187 citations
Article Tier 2

Raman spectra characterization of size-dependent aggregation and dispersion of polystyrene particles in aquatic environments.

This study used Raman spectroscopy to examine how the presence of salt, proteins, and organic matter influences the aggregation and dispersion of polystyrene nanoplastics in water. The findings show that environmental conditions significantly alter nanoplastic behavior and can complicate their detection, which has implications for understanding how nanoplastics move through aquatic environments.

2023 Chemosphere
Article Tier 2

Impact of natural organic matter and inorganic ions on the stabilization of polystyrene micro-particles

Researchers investigated how natural organic matter (NOM) and inorganic ions affect the stabilization and aggregation behavior of polystyrene nanoplastics in water, finding that NOM enhanced colloidal stability while high ionic strength promoted aggregation. The results indicate that water chemistry plays a dominant role in determining nanoplastic mobility and persistence in natural freshwater environments.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 5 citations
Article Tier 2

New Insights into the Formation of Aggregates of Bidisperse Nano- and Microplastics in Water Based on the Analysis of In Situ Microscopy and Molecular Simulation

Researchers combined microscopy and molecular simulations to study how nano- and microplastic particles of different sizes clump together in water. They found that mixing particle sizes delays the onset of rapid aggregation but does not change the overall growth pattern. The findings help explain how plastic particles behave in salty water like oceans and wastewater, which is important for designing effective removal strategies.

2024 Langmuir 4 citations
Article Tier 2

[Effect of Water Components on Aggregation and Sedimentation of Polystyrene Nanoplastics].

Researchers investigated how sodium ions (Na+) and natural organic matter (NOM) affect the aggregation and sedimentation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in six water types including seawater, lake water, and domestic sewage. They found that Na+ concentrations below 80 mmol/L facilitated PS-NP sedimentation, while NOM effects varied by water type, with findings informing the environmental fate and distribution of nanoplastics.

2024 PubMed
Article Tier 2

Swelling-Induced Fragmentation and Polymer Leakage of Nanoplastics in Seawater

Researchers tracked polystyrene nanoplastics in seawater over 29 days under simulated sunlight and found that light accelerates aggregation, while also inducing swelling and fragmentation of particles and leaching of polymer components, complicating predictions of nanoplastic fate and risk in marine environments.

2022 Environmental Science & Technology 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics in water

This paper examines the presence and behavior of nanoplastics, extremely small plastic particles, in water environments. Understanding how these particles move through and persist in water is important for assessing potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health.

2024 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Aggregation dynamics of nanoplastics: insights through real world waste

Researchers studied the aggregation behavior of nanoplastics generated from real-world plastic waste rather than synthetic laboratory particles. The study found that PET and polystyrene nanoplastics sourced from discarded bottles and packaging exhibited distinct colloidal behaviors in aquatic conditions, providing more realistic insights into how nanoplastics behave in natural environments.

2026 Environmental Science Processes & Impacts
Article Tier 2

Influence of protein configuration on aggregation kinetics of nanoplastics in aquatic environment

Researchers investigated how five different proteins with varying structures affect the aggregation behavior of polystyrene nanoplastics in water under different ionic strength and pH conditions. They found that protein type and configuration significantly influenced whether nanoplastics clumped together or remained dispersed, with globular proteins like albumin having different effects than fibrous proteins like collagen. The study suggests that the protein composition of natural waters plays an important role in determining how nanoplastics behave and transport in aquatic environments.

2022 Water Research 69 citations
Article Tier 2

Molecular weight fractionated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) impart different aggregation characteristics on polystyrene nanoplastics

Scientists studied how natural substances from bacteria affect tiny plastic particles in water and found that these substances can either make the plastics stick together or stay separated, depending on their size and the water conditions. This matters for human health because it changes how plastic nanoparticles behave in the environment - they might clump together and sink out of water, or stay floating around where we could breathe or drink them. Understanding this process helps predict where these tiny plastics end up and how much exposure people might face.

2026 Scientific Reports
Article Tier 2

A review of microplastics aggregation in aquatic environment: Influence factors, analytical methods, and environmental implications

This review examines how microplastics clump together in aquatic environments, a behavior called aggregation that affects where they end up and how available they are to organisms. Researchers evaluated the factors that influence aggregation, including water chemistry, particle size, and the presence of natural organic matter. The study identifies important gaps in field research and calls for standardized methods to better understand how aggregation shapes the environmental fate of microplastics.

2020 Journal of Hazardous Materials 353 citations
Article Tier 2

Aggregation and stability of sulfate-modified polystyrene nanoplastics in synthetic and natural waters

Researchers studied how polystyrene nanoplastics behave in different water conditions, examining aggregation and stability under varying pH, salt types, and natural organic matter concentrations. The study found that nanoplastics remain highly stable and suspended in freshwater and even wastewater, but aggregate rapidly and settle in seawater. Natural organic matter was identified as the most significant factor affecting nanoplastic aggregation in waters with high ionic strength.

2020 Environmental Pollution 133 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics in the oceans: Theory, experimental evidence and real world

Researchers critically review over 200 studies on nanoplastic pollution — focusing predominantly on polystyrene — synthesizing knowledge on how nanoplastics form from polymer degradation, accumulate in seawater, and affect organisms in controlled conditions, while identifying key methodological standards needed for reliable ecotoxicological assessments.

2020 Marine Pollution Bulletin 84 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of electrolyte and natural organic matter characteristics on the aggregation and sedimentation of polystyrene nanoplastics

Researchers examined how dissolved organic matter from different water sources affects the aggregation and sedimentation of polystyrene nanoplastics under varied salt concentrations and temperatures, finding that biopolymers form a protective 'eco-corona' around particles that strongly inhibits long-term sedimentation, while temperature influences aggregation dynamics in complex ways.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Settling behaviour of irregular-shaped polystyrene microplastics

Researchers studied the settling behavior of irregular-shaped polystyrene microplastics in water, finding that shape significantly affects how fast particles sink. Understanding settling behavior is important for predicting how microplastics distribute vertically in rivers and ocean water columns.

2021 Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 7 citations