Papers

61,005 results
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Review Tier 2

Micro Plastics in The Marine Environment: A Review of Their Effects on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems

This review examines the effects of microplastics on marine organisms and ecosystems, summarizing evidence for MP ingestion across trophic levels, physical and chemical harm to marine life, and the pathways through which marine MP pollution threatens biodiversity and fisheries.

2025 International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science
Article Tier 2

Ingestion of Microplastics by Marine Animals

This review examines microplastic ingestion by marine animals, assessing how the small size and ubiquity of microplastics in oceans leads to widespread consumption across species, with effects ranging from physical gut blockage to chemical toxicity at organism and ecosystem levels.

2022 29 citations
Review Tier 2

A comprehensive review of the impact of microplastics on aquatic organisms: From ingestion to ecological consequences

This comprehensive review assessed the impacts of microplastics on diverse aquatic organisms—including fish, marine mammals, mollusks, crustaceans, and microorganisms—from ingestion through ecological-level consequences. The authors found that microplastics cause physical injury, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and behavioral changes across taxa, with downstream effects on food web structure and ecosystem function.

2025 Applied Chemical Engineering
Article Tier 2

Research progress on occurrence characteristic and toxicity of microplastics in marine organisms

This review summarizes how microplastics are ingested, distributed, and cause harm in a wide range of marine organisms, including fish, invertebrates, and seabirds. The accumulation of microplastics in marine food webs is directly relevant to human health, as these particles can reach humans through seafood consumption.

2021 Marine Fisheries
Article Tier 2

Effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: a comprehensive review

This comprehensive review analyzed 171 studies on how microplastics affect marine organisms, from tiny plankton to large fish and mammals. Microplastics cause a range of harm including physical gut blockage, chemical toxicity, reduced reproduction, and disrupted feeding behavior across many species. Since marine organisms at every level of the food chain are affected, these findings raise concerns about microplastics accumulating through the seafood that people eat.

2024 TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence, effects and risks of marine microplastics

This review summarizes the state of knowledge on the occurrence, biological effects, and ecological risks of microplastics in the marine environment. It covers plastic sources, distribution patterns, ingestion by marine organisms, and the transfer of chemical pollutants through marine food webs, concluding that microplastic pollution poses serious and growing risks to ocean ecosystems.

2015 Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as contaminants in commercially important seafood species

This review summarizes evidence that microplastic ingestion is widespread in commercially important seafood species including mollusks, crustaceans, and fish. Evidence indicates that microplastics can affect physiology, reproductive success, and survival in marine organisms, and may also act as vectors for chemical pollutants. The study highlights the potential for human exposure to microplastics through seafood consumption, though the full health implications remain to be determined.

2017 Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 266 citations
Review Tier 2

Bioavailability and effects of microplastics on marine zooplankton: A review

This review synthesized laboratory and field evidence on microplastic bioavailability and effects on marine zooplankton, finding that multiple taxa readily ingest microplastics with negative impacts on feeding, reproduction, and energy balance, and that zooplankton represent a critical route for transferring microplastics into marine food webs. The authors identify particle size, concentration, and feeding behavior as the main determinants of microplastic bioavailability to zooplankton.

2018 Environmental Pollution 900 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in the marine environment: Sources, impacts, and degradation.

This review summarizes existing research on microplastic pollution in the ocean, covering sources, effects on marine life, and degradation. Microplastics harm marine organisms across the food chain, from plankton to fish, affecting their growth, reproduction, immune systems, and behavior. Since humans consume many of these marine species, the widespread contamination raises concerns about microplastic exposure through seafood.

2025 Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Biological Effects of Microplastics: A Review.

Researchers reviewed how microplastics harm a wide range of living things, finding they cause physical damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive problems in aquatic animals, while also carrying toxic chemicals and dangerous bacteria into organisms. Major gaps remain in understanding the effects of long-term low-dose exposure and the risks posed by even tinier nanoplastics.

2025 Mağallaẗ ʻulūm al-rāfidayn
Article Tier 2

Impact of Nanoplastics on Marine Life: A Review

This review summarizes current knowledge about the effects of nanoplastics on marine organisms, including impacts on feeding, reproduction, growth, and cellular-level toxicity. Evidence indicates that nanoplastics can be more harmful than larger microplastics due to their ability to cross biological barriers and accumulate in tissues, though more research is needed on real-world exposure levels.

2023 Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Unveiling the effects of microplastics pollution on marine fauna

This review examines how microplastic pollution harms marine animals at every level of the food chain, from tiny plankton to large predators. Through ingestion, entanglement, and building up in tissues over time, microplastics disrupt feeding, reproduction, and growth in marine life, which also raises concerns about human exposure through seafood consumption.

2024 Blue Biotechnology 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic exposure and effects in aquatic organisms: A physiological perspective

This review summarizes recent research on how microplastics affect aquatic organisms from a physiological perspective, connecting routes of uptake with effects at the molecular, cellular, and whole-organism level. Researchers highlight that feeding strategies strongly influence which organisms ingest the most microplastics, and that effects range from oxidative stress to reproductive impairment. The study also flags emerging concerns about chemical additives leaching from plastics and the potential for microplastics to serve as substrates for pathogen growth.

2019 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 333 citations
Article Tier 2

The ecotoxicological impact of microplastics on freshwater invertebrates

This review summarizes the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on freshwater invertebrates, finding evidence of harm including reduced feeding, growth, and reproduction across multiple species. Because invertebrates are key links in food webs, these effects could have broader consequences for freshwater ecosystems.

2019 CentAUR (University of Reading) 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Marine Environment: Occurrence, Distribution, and Extraction Methods in Marine Organisms

This review summarized the occurrence, distribution, and extraction methods of microplastics in marine organisms, highlighting how these particles enter marine food webs through runoff and atmospheric deposition and pose risks to ecosystems and human health.

2023 Open Journal of Ecology 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on biota: a review

This review examines the ecological impact of microplastics on organisms across different levels of the food chain, from plankton to fish. Researchers found that microplastic exposure triggers a range of harmful effects including oxidative stress, immune disruption, reproductive problems, and altered feeding behavior. The evidence suggests that microplastics pose a widespread toxicological threat to wildlife, though more research is needed to understand the long-term population-level consequences.

2018 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 786 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of microplastic pollution on the ocean and marine animals: A comprehensive review

This comprehensive review synthesized evidence on how microplastic pollution affects ocean health and marine animals, covering ingestion, entanglement, chemical toxicity, and ecosystem-level impacts. It found pervasive harm across marine food webs and called for urgent global reduction measures.

2024 Global NEST Journal 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine Microplastic Pollution

This review examines microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems, summarizing the sources, distribution, and ecological effects of plastic particles in ocean environments and reviewing evidence for harm to marine organisms from physical ingestion and chemical exposure.

2025
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and pathways of microplastics, quantification protocol and adverseeffects of microplastics towards freshwater and seawater biota

This review examines the occurrence, pathways, and adverse effects of microplastics on freshwater and marine organisms, highlighting how these particles can enter the food chain through seafood consumption. The study suggests that microplastic ingestion causes health hazards in aquatic animals and points to gaps in understanding how microplastics affect human health along the food supply chain.

2023 Food Research 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine litter: trends and impacts in marine fauna

This review synthesizes evidence on marine litter sources, distribution, and ecological impacts, with particular focus on microplastics as a pervasive contaminant across all marine habitats. It finds that microplastics threaten marine life through ingestion, entanglement, and chemical transport, with impacts spanning trophic levels from plankton to large marine mammals.

2025 Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Article Tier 2

The Challenge of Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystem: A Review of Current Consensus and Future Trends of the Effect on the Fish

This review synthesizes research on how microplastics affect aquatic ecosystems, covering ingestion by marine animals, trophic transfer up the food chain, and the chemicals that microplastics carry. The findings highlight that microplastic contamination is now widespread enough to threaten marine biodiversity and food security for populations that rely on seafood.

2023 BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks
Article Tier 2

Assessment of Microplastic Impacts in the Marine Environment: A Review

This review summarizes the sources, environmental fate, and ecological impacts of microplastics in marine environments, covering impacts across food webs from phytoplankton to marine mammals. The authors identify key knowledge gaps and emphasize that biodiversity loss and food chain contamination are the most well-documented marine impacts. The review calls for integrated monitoring programs and international policy action to reduce plastic inputs to the ocean.

2021 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Microplastics on Living Organisms and their Trophic Transfer: An Ecotoxicological Review

This ecotoxicological review examines the effects of microplastics on living organisms across multiple trophic levels and their transfer through food webs, covering evidence from aquatic and terrestrial environments. The authors highlight the cumulative risks posed by microplastic ingestion and tissue accumulation.

2023 Futuristic Biotechnology 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic in marine organism: Environmental and toxicological effects

This review examined microplastics as a complex mixture of polymers, additives, and adsorbed environmental contaminants, and assessed their toxicological effects on marine organisms from ingestion and internal distribution. The authors emphasize that microplastic harm comes not only from the plastic itself but from the chemical cocktail it carries, and review the growing evidence for food web transfer.

2018 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 756 citations