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Effects of Microplastics on Living Organisms and their Trophic Transfer: An Ecotoxicological Review
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This ecotoxicological review examines the effects of microplastics on living organisms across multiple trophic levels and their transfer through food webs, covering evidence from aquatic and terrestrial environments. The authors highlight the cumulative risks posed by microplastic ingestion and tissue accumulation.
Plastic is used by individuals within many different fields, including the automotive, packaging, cosmetics, textile and apparel, agricultural and fisheries sector and industries. Nevertheless, it has become a hazard to our ecosystem due to its extended degradation and decadences in nature, unceasing rise in manufacture and consumption with the increasing human population. Microplastics (MPs) can enter in both soil and aquatic environments through a variety of channels, including surface runoff, storm water runoff, river flow, and wastewater discharge. As a possible hazard to aquatic life, the existence and consumption of MPs has drawn significant attention from throughout the world. These tiny plastic particles absorb various substances and emit harmful additives, serving as sinks for dangerous substances and enhancing their bioavailability, toxicity, and movement. Additionally, the trophic transfer or bioaccumulation of MPs in a variety of aquatic creatures poses a significant concern. MPs have the potential to seriously harm aquatic life, including reduced eating efficiency, physical side effects, impaired gill function, oxidative stress, neurological damage, suppression of immunity and developmental disruption.
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Microplastics and Their Impacts on Organisms and Trophic Chains
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This review synthesizes current knowledge on microplastic pollution, examining the mechanisms by which microplastics affect organisms at multiple levels of biological organization and how plastic particles transfer through trophic chains, accumulating and potentially magnifying in concentration up the food web. Researchers highlight evidence for physical, chemical, and microbial impacts on organisms ranging from invertebrates to mammals, including humans, and identify priority areas for future ecotoxicological research.
Effects of Microplastic Exposure on Different Speciesin Ecosystem
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This review examines the ecotoxicological effects of microplastic exposure on organisms across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, covering bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in fish, mollusks, and other species. The authors emphasize that microplastics originating from industrial processes and plastic waste pose long-term ecosystem-wide threats.
Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review of Ecotoxicological Effects, Exposure Pathways and Trophic Transfer Risks
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This review synthesises evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in marine, freshwater, and estuarine environments, covering ingestion, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and physiological harms across aquatic fauna. It identifies chemical co-contamination and particle size as key modulators of toxicity.
Microplastics and associated contaminants in the aquatic environment: A review on their ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts to human health
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This review examines how microplastics and the chemical contaminants they carry move through aquatic food chains from small organisms up to larger predators. Researchers found that microplastics can transfer toxic additives and absorbed pollutants to organisms that ingest them, with potential implications for seafood safety and ultimately human health.
Micro(nano)plastics Prevalence, Food Web Interactions, and Toxicity Assessment in Aquatic Organisms: A Review
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This review examines the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics across aquatic environments and their documented toxic effects on organisms ranging from plankton to fish, including DNA damage, reproductive harm, and neurotoxicity. Researchers found clear evidence that these particles transfer through aquatic food webs and can ultimately reach humans through seafood consumption. The study calls for more research into how microplastics carrying multiple contaminants cause combined toxic effects in marine organisms.
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