Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Global Plastic Waste Pollution Challenges and Management

This review examines the global plastic waste crisis, highlighting that over 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste have been generated and only 9% recycled, with microplastics now detected even in remote Arctic regions and in food consumed by humans. The authors discuss the environmental and health consequences of plastic pollution and argue for urgent action including alternative energy recovery and circular economy approaches to reduce plastic accumulation.

2019 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution: Causes, Effects and Preventions

This study reviewed the causes, effects, and prevention strategies for plastic pollution, noting that only 9% of the 9 billion tonnes of plastic ever produced has been recycled, with the remainder ending up in landfills, dumps, or the natural environment. Based on fieldwork and stakeholder consultations with industries, environmental groups, health practitioners, and government ministries, the paper outlined the health and ecological consequences of widespread plastic waste.

2020 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and its Impact on Environment

This overview of plastic pollution from 1950 to 2021 estimates that approximately 6.3 billion tons of plastics have been produced globally, with only 9% recycled, while continued population growth and consumption drive mounting environmental accumulation. The study links plastic pollution trajectories to public health, ecosystem, and regulatory challenges.

2023 Ecology Environment and Conservation 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluating scenarios toward zero plastic pollution

Researchers modeled five different intervention scenarios for reducing global plastic pollution between 2016 and 2040 and found that even implementing all feasible solutions would only cut pollution rates by 40% compared to 2016 levels. Under a business-as-usual scenario, 710 million metric tons of plastic waste would still accumulate in ecosystems even with immediate action. The study makes clear that coordinated global efforts across consumption reduction, recycling, waste collection, and innovation are urgently needed.

2020 Science 1594 citations
Article Tier 2

Impacts of plastic pollution in the oceans on marine species, biodiversity and ecosystems

This comprehensive report documented the extensive impacts of plastic pollution on marine species, biodiversity, and ecosystems worldwide, revealing a rapidly worsening situation that demands immediate international action to protect ocean health.

2022 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) 84 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution and Potential Solutions

This review provides a broad overview of plastic pollution, covering the full lifecycle from manufacturing through disposal and environmental degradation. Researchers note that of the 8.3 billion tonnes of plastic ever produced, roughly 79% has ended up in landfills or the natural environment, where it breaks down into micro- and nanoplastics that persist for centuries. The study discusses potential solutions including improved recycling, biodegradable alternatives, and policy interventions to reduce plastic waste.

2018 Science Progress 608 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects and Solutions of Single use Plastic

This review summarizes the harmful environmental effects of single-use plastics at local and global scales and surveys government and scientific solutions being implemented worldwide, arguing that plastic pollution is a global challenge requiring coordinated international action and new material substitutes.

2022 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
Article Tier 2

Analysis of Plastic Waste Processing Methods

This review summarizes global plastic waste production and recycling trends, arguing that the recycling industry must scale up urgently to address growing environmental contamination. Current recycling rates remain far below what is needed to prevent plastic pollution from continuing to accumulate.

2020 TEM Journal 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Waste Recycling is Insufficient to Mitigate Plastic Pollution: the Need for a Paradigm Shift

This review argues that plastic waste recycling is fundamentally insufficient to address global plastic pollution and calls for a paradigm shift away from end-of-pipe solutions toward upstream production reduction. The authors examine the structural limitations of current recycling strategies and the economic and policy barriers that prevent meaningful plastic pollution mitigation.

2025 Current Pollution Reports
Article Tier 2

Plastic Pollution: Understanding the Global Threat and Countermeasures

This review examines the global scale of plastic pollution, tracing the rapid growth of disposable plastics production and the distribution of plastic waste across all parts of the world — from deep oceans to high mountains — while evaluating proposed countermeasures.

2023 Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics Research 3 citations
Article Tier 2

On the Challenge of Plastic Wastes and Litter in Oceans: Some Policy Reflections

This policy analysis discusses the growing crisis of plastic litter in the world's oceans, reviewing international agreements and national policies aimed at reducing ocean plastic pollution. The authors argue that current policy efforts fall far short of what is needed and propose stronger global governance frameworks.

2021 Environmental Policy and Law
Article Tier 2

Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

This review examines the impacts of plastic pollution on ecosystem services and sustainable development goals across terrestrial and aquatic environments. The study highlights that only about 9% of global plastic production is recycled, and recommends circular economy approaches, life cycle assessments, and stronger policy interventions to address the growing plastic waste crisis.

2021 Sustainability 955 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Waste: Current Environmental Pollution, Health Hazard and Biodegradation Strategies and Its Management

This review paper surveys the scope of global plastic pollution, covering environmental contamination, health hazards, and biodegradation strategies. The study highlights that with plastic production exceeding 390 million tons by 2021, effective waste management and biodegradation approaches are urgently needed to address microplastic accumulation.

2024 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Transforming the Global Plastics Economy: The Role of Economic Policies in the Global Governance of Plastic Pollution

This paper argues that addressing plastic pollution requires looking beyond waste management and marine cleanup to tackle the problem at its source, across the entire plastics life cycle including production, trade, and consumption. The authors trace how international policy discussions have evolved from voluntary approaches to regulatory frameworks, with over 100 governments calling for a new global plastics agreement. The research highlights the need for economic policies that address upstream production alongside downstream pollution.

2022 Social Sciences 85 citations
Article Tier 2

Pervasive Pollution Problems Caused by Plastics and its Degradation

This review discusses the pervasive environmental pollution caused by plastics and their degradation products, arguing that plastic contamination now affects air, water, food, and all living organisms and requires urgent global action to reduce production and improve waste management.

2019 International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine litter: how to monitor, reduce and prevent ocean debris. Focus on plastics and microplastics.

This report reviewed the growing problem of plastic pollution in the oceans and the policy landscape for addressing it, emphasizing that production, use, and end-of-life management all require reform. It frames plastic pollution as a systemic challenge requiring coordinated international action rather than single-issue solutions.

2018 IOC of UNESCO (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission) 2 citations
Review Tier 2

A review of the cost and effectiveness of solutions to address plastic pollution

This review evaluates the cost and effectiveness of solutions to plastic pollution, from recycling technologies to policy measures like bans and levies. As of 2017, only 9% of the 9 billion tons of plastic ever produced had been recycled, leaving enormous amounts to break down into microplastics that contaminate the environment. The authors conclude that no single solution is sufficient and that combining multiple approaches is needed to reduce the health and economic impacts of plastic pollution.

2022 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 236 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Waste: Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate Pollution and Effective Management

Researchers reviewed plastic waste generation and management strategies globally, identifying lack of technical skills, inadequate recycling infrastructure, and poor regulatory awareness as the main barriers to addressing the ~400 million tons of plastic produced annually.

2023 International Journal of Environmental Research 706 citations
Article Tier 2

Accelerating Plastic Circularity: A Critical Assessment of the Pathways and Processes to Circular Plastics

A critical assessment of plastic circularity pathways found that today only 9% of global plastic waste is recycled, with current circularity routes economically unviable, and argues that improving product design and collection and sorting system effectiveness are the most impactful levers for progress.

2023 Processes 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Mapping of global plastic value chain and plastic losses to the environment: with a particular focus on marine environment

This report maps the global plastic value chain from production through use to waste management, estimating that millions of tonnes of plastic enter the ocean each year, with significant regional variation in management capacity. The analysis provides the economic and waste management context needed to understand why plastic pollution — and the resulting microplastic problem — continues to grow globally.

2018 Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) 47 citations
Article Tier 2

A Critical Analysis of the Rising Global Demand of Plastics and its Adverse Impact on Environmental Sustainability

This critical review examined global trends in plastic demand and mismanaged plastic waste, identifying the top contributing countries and evaluating plastic replacement alternatives, arguing that reducing consumption and improving waste management infrastructure are more impactful than material substitution alone.

2021 Journal of Environmental Pollution and Management 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic pollution of the world’s seas and oceans as a contemporary challenge in ocean governance

This paper frames plastic pollution of the world's seas and oceans as a defining contemporary challenge in ocean stewardship, reviewing the scale of the problem and arguing for urgent policy and management responses.

2018 Nature Communications 492 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Waste Management: Global Facts, Challenges and Solutions

This review summarised global statistics and challenges in plastic waste management, noting that most plastic waste ends up in landfill, with recycling remaining the least implemented disposal method. The authors highlighted that plastic degradation in terrestrial and aquatic environments produces microplastics that can enter human bodies through the food chain, skin-contact products, and bottled water, and outlined current and emerging solutions to the global plastic waste crisis.

2020 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Our Plastic Planet is Hurting Humanity`s Health. Is there a Solution?

This commentary examines the global health impacts of plastic pollution and explores potential solutions ranging from individual behavior change to policy interventions and material innovation. The author argues that the scale of the problem demands coordinated action across governments, industries, and communities.

2023 Acta Scientific Medical Sciences