Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Challenges and Recent Analytical Advances in Micro/Nanoplastic Detection

This review covers the challenges scientists face in detecting and measuring micro- and nanoplastics in the environment, especially for particles smaller than one micrometer. Current analytical methods have significant limitations for identifying nanoplastics due to their extremely small size and diverse chemical compositions. Improving detection technology is essential for accurately assessing how much microplastic contamination exists in water, food, and human tissues.

2024 Analytical Chemistry 41 citations
Article Tier 2

The Challenge of the Analysis of Nanoplastics in the Environment: Current Status and Perspectives

This review examines the analytical challenges of detecting and characterising nanoplastics in environmental samples, presenting the state of the art in size determination, chemical composition analysis, and quantification techniques, as well as a survey of nanoplastic model materials used in the literature.

2022
Article Tier 2

Critical gaps in nanoplastics research and their connection to risk assessment

This paper identifies critical knowledge gaps in nanoplastics research and explains why they matter for assessing health and environmental risks. Nanoplastics are harder to detect and measure than larger microplastics, meaning current pollution estimates likely undercount total plastic contamination. The authors call for better detection methods and standardized research approaches to understand the true scope of nanoplastic exposure.

2023 Frontiers in Toxicology 56 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro/nano-plastics occurrence, identification, risk analysis and mitigation: challenges and perspectives

This review provides a comprehensive overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering their sources, occurrence in different environments, identification methods, and potential risks to ecosystems and human health. Researchers examined current analytical techniques and found significant gaps in the ability to detect and quantify the smallest plastic particles. The study outlines mitigation strategies including improved waste management, advanced filtration, and biodegradable alternatives.

2022 Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 233 citations
Review Tier 2

Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment. Critical Review

This critical review synthesized the emerging science on nanoplastics in aquatic environments, covering detection challenges, sources, behavior, and toxicological evidence, and identifying major gaps in knowledge about nanoplastic-specific risks.

2015 608 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges and Advances in Analytical Techniques to Detect Micro- and Nanoplastics

This research review summarizes the current methods scientists use to detect and study microplastics and nanoplastics - tiny plastic particles that can get into our environment, food, and bodies. The authors explain that identifying these extremely small plastic pieces is very challenging and requires advanced laboratory techniques to understand what types of plastics they are and how much is present. Better detection methods are important because we need to understand how much plastic pollution we're exposed to and its potential effects on human health.

2026
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics: From Separations to Analysis—Challenges and Limitations

This review examines the challenges of analyzing nanoplastics in environmental samples, from sample preparation to identification. Researchers found that techniques commonly used for larger microplastics are often ineffective for nanoplastics, and that isolating these tiny particles from complex environmental samples remains a major technical hurdle. The study summarizes the advantages and limitations of current microscopic, spectroscopic, and thermal analysis methods and calls for standardized approaches.

2025 Separations 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Advancements in environmental nanoplastics research

This review synthesises advances in environmental nanoplastics research, discussing distinctions between nanoplastics and microplastics in physicochemical properties, limitations in current analytical methods for environmental samples, and gaps between laboratory exposure studies and real-world concentrations. The authors highlight emerging evidence of nanoplastics in human organs and excretions and argue that methodological breakthroughs will usher in a 'nano era' of plastic pollution research.

2025 Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)
Article Tier 2

Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea

Researchers reviewed the sources, environmental fate, organism interactions, and analytical detection methods for nano-sized plastic polymers in the marine environment, concluding that nanoplastics pose the greatest ecological risk among plastic size fractions and that standardized analytical protocols for nanoplastic characterization are urgently needed.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 142 citations
Article Tier 2

The missing small microplastics: easily generated from weathered plastic pieces in labs but hardly detected in natural environments

This paper reports that small microplastics and nanoplastics are easily generated in the laboratory from weathered plastic pieces but are rarely detected in field samples, attributing the discrepancy to the lack of suitable environmental detection methods rather than their absence in nature.

2023 Environmental Science Advances 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Searching Nanoplastics: From Sampling to Sample Processing

This review addresses the challenges of sampling and processing nanoplastics from environmental matrices, discussing how their infinitesimal size and physical diversity complicate detection, characterization, and quantification efforts.

2021 Polymers 47 citations
Article Tier 2

A critical review on nanoplastics and its future perspectives in the marine environment

This review provides a comprehensive look at nanoplastics, plastic particles smaller than one micrometer, and their fate in marine environments. Researchers found that nanoplastics can originate from the breakdown of larger plastic debris and may carry harmful chemical additives and absorbed pollutants on their surfaces. The evidence indicates that due to their extremely small size, nanoplastics can cross biological barriers and accumulate in marine organisms, raising concerns about food chain contamination.

2023 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 16 citations
Article Tier 2

A physical chemistry lens on environmental nanoplastics analysis challenges. Part II: detection techniques – principles, limitations and future directions

A physical chemistry perspective examined the analytical challenges of measuring environmental nanoplastics, arguing that standard methods often miss or mischaracterize the smallest particles. The paper calls for improved analytical frameworks to better understand nanoplastic behavior and biological risks.

2025 Environmental Science Nano 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Fate, Behavior, and Risk Management Approaches of Nanoplastics in the Environment

Researchers reviewed the environmental fate, behavior, and risk management of nanoplastics, which are plastic particles smaller than one micrometer. The study suggests that nanoplastics may pose greater environmental and health risks than larger microplastics due to their nanoscale properties, though significant knowledge gaps remain about their transport, transformation, and long-term ecological effects.

2024 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics in the Environment

This chapter reviews the emerging concern about nanoplastics — plastic particles smaller than 1 micrometer — which are even harder to detect and may have more pervasive biological effects than larger microplastics. Current analytical challenges make nanoplastics difficult to quantify in the environment, leaving significant knowledge gaps.

2018 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental fate, toxicity and risk management strategies of nanoplastics in the environment: Current status and future perspectives

This review provides a comprehensive look at nanoplastics -- tiny plastic particles smaller than one micrometer -- covering their environmental fate, toxic effects on organisms, and potential risks to ecosystems. Researchers found that nanoplastics can carry other pollutants like heavy metals and even serve as habitats for bacteria and viruses. The study calls for more research across all environmental compartments, including soil, air, and groundwater, to fully understand the scope of nanoplastic contamination.

2020 Journal of Hazardous Materials 594 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics: Detection and impacts in aquatic environments – A review

This review examined nanoplastic detection methods and their impacts in aquatic environments, concluding that current analytical capabilities severely underestimate nanoplastic exposure levels due to the difficulty of detecting sub-micron particles. The authors called for standardized nanoplastic detection protocols to enable meaningful risk assessment.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 69 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: Environmental Occurrence and Analytical Challenges

This comprehensive literature review examines how microplastics — plastic particles between 1 micrometer and 5 mm — enter and move through ecosystems, and what analytical methods are used to detect them. Despite being found throughout the world, the environmental consequences and toxic effects of microplastics on living organisms are still not fully understood.

2022 Figshare 9 citations
Article Tier 2

A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment.

This critical review examines the current methods for detecting and characterizing micro- and nanoplastics in various environmental samples, as well as reported toxic effects from in vivo and in vitro studies. The authors found that while substantial effort has been made to understand microplastic behavior, the scientific community is still far from a complete understanding of how these particles behave in biological systems. The review calls for improved standardized protocols and more studies focused on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution.

2019 Environmental Research 163 citations
Article Tier 2

New Analytical Approaches for Effective Quantification and Identification of Nanoplastics in Environmental Samples

This review assessed new analytical approaches for quantifying and identifying nanoplastics in environmental samples, highlighting fundamental challenges in detection due to their small size and the need for improved methods to understand nanoplastic contamination levels.

2021 Processes 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics in aquatic environments: Origin, separation and characterization: Review

This review covers the origins, separation methods, and characterization of nanoplastics in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics (1–100 nm) are particularly concerning because their tiny size gives them a large surface area for adsorbing pollutants and allows them to penetrate biological barriers more easily than larger microplastics.

2023 Tehnika
Article Tier 2

A review on occurrence, characteristics, toxicology and treatment of nanoplastic waste in the environment

This review summarizes the current understanding of nanoplastic pollution, including sources, occurrence in water, soil, and air, and potential toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The study highlights major gaps in analytical methods for detecting nanoplastics and calls for more research on their environmental fate and health effects.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 56 citations
Article Tier 2

Physicochemical characterization and quantification of nanoplastics: applicability, limitations and complementarity of batch and fractionation methods

Researchers evaluated a suite of techniques for measuring the size, shape, and chemical makeup of nanoplastics — plastic particles smaller than 1 micrometer — and found that no single method works for all sample types, especially when particles vary in size or clump together. Combining multiple complementary techniques is essential for reliable nanoplastic characterization, particularly in complex environmental or biological samples.

2023 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 56 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods and challenges in the detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: a mini‐review

This review evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of analytical methods used to detect and identify microplastics and nanoplastics, including microscopy, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry techniques. Researchers identified key challenges such as distinguishing genuine environmental microplastics from contamination introduced during sample collection and processing. The study provides recommendations for improving data quality and reliability in microplastic research.

2021 Polymer International 177 citations