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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Detection Methods Environmental Sources Human Health Effects Nanoplastics Sign in to save

Methods and challenges in the detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: a mini‐review

Polymer International 2021 177 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 60 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Sangeet Adhikari, Varun Kelkar, Rahul Kumar, Rolf U. Halden

Summary

This review evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of analytical methods used to detect and identify microplastics and nanoplastics, including microscopy, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry techniques. Researchers identified key challenges such as distinguishing genuine environmental microplastics from contamination introduced during sample collection and processing. The study provides recommendations for improving data quality and reliability in microplastic research.

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) constitute a newly recognized class of contaminants of emerging concern in air, soil, water and food, causing unavoidable exposure to humans and animals. Detection, identification and quantification of MPs and NPs in environmental matrices and biota is challenging due to the analytes' small size, random morphology, polymeric diversity, applied coatings and vast surface areas which attract chemical and microbial sorbates. This mini‐review explores strengths and weaknesses of analytical methods commonly used for MP and NP identification and quantification, including stereomicroscopy, SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, flow cytometry and mass spectrometry techniques including matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight, pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical challenges involved in precise MP/NP detection have been identified and recommendations have been provided to ensure data quality addressing common data quality concerns, including the difficulty of obtaining irrefutable proof that detected polymers originated from the sample as opposed to sample contamination during sample acquisition, sample processing and analysis. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.

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