Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Exploring the release of microplastics' additives in the human digestive environment by an in vitro dialysis approach using simulated fluids

Researchers used an in vitro dialysis method with simulated digestive fluids to simultaneously assess both the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of plastic additives released from microplastics during human digestion. The study found that biopolymer microplastics released approximately four times more additives than conventional petroleum-based plastics, and that mechanical recycling and marine aging altered additive release patterns, raising questions about the safety assumptions around biodegradable plastics.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Mimicking human ingestion of microplastics: Oral bioaccessibility tests of bisphenol A and phthalate esters under fed and fasted states

Researchers simulated human digestion to measure how much bisphenol A and phthalate esters leach from polyethylene and PVC microplastics under fasting and fed conditions. They found that polar additives like dimethyl phthalate and BPA had the highest bioaccessibility, ranging from 37% to 92%, with greater release from the more flexible LDPE polymer. The study suggests that chemical additives in ingested microplastics can become bioaccessible during human digestion, with release rates depending on the plastic type and additive properties.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 43 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure to microplastic associated chemicals upon oral consumption of microplastics

This thesis quantified the release of plastic-associated chemical contaminants from microplastics during simulated human digestion, measuring how much of these chemicals actually leach out under stomach and intestinal conditions. The research helps estimate the chemical exposure humans receive when they ingest microplastics through food and water.

2020 Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling
Article Tier 2

Measuring the Effect of Dietary Microplastic on Biomagnification Potential of Environmental Contaminants and Plastic Additives

Researchers measured the effect of dietary microplastic ingestion on the biomagnification potential of hydrophobic organic contaminants and plastic additives in the gastrointestinal tract, testing competing hypotheses about whether microplastics increase, decrease, or negligibly affect contaminant uptake.

2024 TSpace
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as Vectors of Chromium and Lead during Dynamic Simulation of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Using a dynamic in vitro simulator of the human gastrointestinal tract, researchers showed that chromium and lead adsorbed to polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics are released and become bioaccessible in gut conditions, suggesting microplastics can act as vectors delivering heavy metals to human tissues.

2020 Sustainability 62 citations
Article Tier 2

Metada on human bioaccessibility of phthalates and bisphenol A from microplastics

This entry provides metadata linking to a study by Lopez-Vazquez et al. that investigated the oral bioaccessibility of bisphenol A and phthalate esters leaching from microplastics under simulated fed and fasted gastrointestinal conditions, finding that digestive state significantly influenced the release of these chemical additives.

2022
Article Tier 2

Metada on human bioaccessibility of phthalates and bisphenol A from microplastics

This entry provides metadata linking to a study by Lopez-Vazquez et al. that investigated the oral bioaccessibility of bisphenol A and phthalate esters leaching from microplastics under simulated fed and fasted gastrointestinal conditions, finding that digestive state significantly influenced the release of these chemical additives.

2022 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Bioaccessibility of Trace Metals and Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Microplastic

Researchers measured the bioaccessibility of trace metals and rare earth elements adsorbed onto beach microplastics using simulated digestive fluid conditions. Metals were released from microplastic surfaces under stomach acid conditions, indicating that plastic ingestion can deliver these contaminants to digestive systems of marine organisms and humans.

2025
Article Tier 2

How Digestive Processes Can Affect the Bioavailability of PCBs Associated with Microplastics: A Modeling Study Supported by Empirical Data

Researchers used a simulated human digestive model to study whether gut processes change how quickly chemicals like PCBs transfer on and off microplastic particles. They found that digestive enzymes and bile salts significantly accelerated the release of these chemicals from microplastics, suggesting that the human gut environment may increase exposure to plastic-associated pollutants. The study provides new evidence that microplastics could act as carriers that release harmful chemicals more readily during digestion.

2023 Environmental Science & Technology 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Desorption of bisphenol A from microplastics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions

Researchers investigated bisphenol A desorption from three types of microplastics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, finding that ingested microplastics can release adsorbed BPA during digestion, posing potential health risks.

2023 Frontiers in Marine Science 12 citations
Article Tier 2

A flow-based platform hyphenated to on-line liquid chromatography for automatic leaching tests of chemical additives from microplastics into seawater

An automated flow-based system was developed to measure how chemical additives (phthalates and bisphenol A) leach out of microplastics into seawater. This tool allows more accurate, real-time measurement of the chemical hazards that microplastics release into marine environments.

2019 Journal of Chromatography A 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Leaching of PBDEs from microplastics under simulated gut conditions: Chemical diffusion and bioaccumulation

This study examined how polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) leach from microplastics under simulated gut conditions, finding that chemical diffusion rates were strongly influenced by gut fluid composition and that hydrophobic contaminants could transfer to organisms at levels posing potential bioaccumulation risks.

2021 Environmental Pollution 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioaccessibility of microplastic-associated heavy metals using an in vitro digestion model and its implications for human health risk assessment

Researchers evaluated the bioaccessibility of heavy metals associated with microplastics using an in vitro digestion model to assess human health risks. The study found significant adsorption of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead onto polyvinyl chloride microplastics, with varying bioaccessibility across different digestive phases. The findings suggest that incorporating bioaccessibility data into risk assessments may provide more accurate estimates of health risks from ingesting microplastic-associated heavy metals.

2022 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 58 citations
Article Tier 2

Microscale extraction versus conventional approaches for handling gastrointestinal extracts in oral bioaccessibility assays of endocrine disrupting compounds from microplastic contaminated beach sand

Researchers evaluated multiple sample preparation strategies — including protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) — for measuring the bioaccessibility of phthalate plasticisers and bisphenol A from microplastic-contaminated beach sand using the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM). DLLME was selected as optimal based on its extraction efficiency of 73-95%, providing a validated approach for assessing human oral exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds via microplastic-contaminated soil ingestion.

2020 Environmental Pollution 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantifying theEffect of Dietary Microplastics onthe Potential for Biological Uptake of Environmental Contaminantsand Polymer Additives

Researchers modeled how the presence of dietary microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract influences the thermodynamic driving force for diffusion of organic contaminants and polymer additives from the gut lumen into biological tissues, determining whether microplastics act as contaminant vectors or sinks depending on relative contamination levels. The study found that microplastics can either facilitate or inhibit biological uptake of co-ingested contaminants based on the sorptive capacity of the plastic relative to the dietary matrix.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Release and intestinal translocation of chemicals associated with microplastics in an in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion model

Researchers used a lab model of human digestion to test how many toxic chemicals leach out of microplastics collected from beach litter and food packaging, identifying 68 chemicals and 29 metals — some of which crossed a simulated intestinal wall. The findings highlight that microplastics are not just physical particles but chemical carriers that can deliver a complex mixture of harmful substances into the human body.

2022 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Is bisphenol A sorbed onto microplastics less bioavailable than freely dissolved bisphenol A? Implications for the gut health in a murine model

Using an in vivo rat model, researchers tested whether bisphenol A adsorbed onto microplastics is less bioavailable in the gastrointestinal tract than freely dissolved BPA, finding that plastic-bound BPA showed altered absorption kinetics and different hormonal effects than dissolved BPA.

2025 Environmental Pollution
Article Tier 2

Microplastics’ journey into the gut : human exposure to microplastics and associated chemicals

This thesis investigates lifetime human exposure to microplastics worldwide and explores how plastic particles act as carriers that transport harmful chemicals into the body after ingestion, known as the vector effect. Using mechanistic models and experimental methods, the work quantifies how much microplastic people consume and how significantly this route contributes to chemical bioaccumulation.

2022 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as a Vector of Hazardous Contaminants: Plastic Chemicals, Digestive Physiology and the Need for Chemical Simplification

This review explored how microplastics serve as vectors for hazardous chemicals, distinguishing between plastic-associated chemicals added during manufacturing and environmental pollutants adsorbed onto particle surfaces. The authors argue that the chemical burden of ingested microplastics warrants much more rigorous toxicological assessment.

2025
Article Tier 2

A Noninvasive Quantitative Method for Evaluating Intestinal Exposure to Microplastics Based on the Excretion and Metabolism Patterns of Microplastics and Their Additives

Researchers developed a noninvasive method to measure human intestinal microplastic exposure by tracking plastic additive chemicals (phthalates) in urine, which correlated strongly with actual microplastic intake in mouse experiments. They then applied this method to 133 people across 30 countries on 6 continents to estimate real-world gut exposure levels. This tool could help scientists finally quantify how many microplastics people are actually consuming and assess the associated health risks.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in our diet: complementary in vitro gut and epithelium models to understand their fate in the human digestive tract.

Researchers used complementary in vitro gut models to study how microplastics behave during human digestion, finding that digestive conditions alter microplastic surface properties and their interactions with gut cells. The work advances understanding of how ingested microplastics may affect the human digestive system.

2021 HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)
Article Tier 2

Consequential fate of bisphenol-attached PVC microplastics in water and simulated intestinal fluids

Researchers tested how bisphenol-attached PVC microplastics release bisphenols in aquatic and simulated intestinal fluid environments, finding that desorption was faster under gut-like conditions and that released bisphenols were cytotoxic to human intestinal cell lines.

2020 Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 78 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioaccessibility of polypropylene microfiber-associated tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in simulated human gastrointestinal fluids

Researchers tested how antibiotics attached to polypropylene microplastic fibers behave when exposed to simulated human digestive fluids. They found that the antibiotics were released from the microplastics during digestion, with higher release rates in intestinal fluid than in stomach fluid. The study suggests that when people ingest microplastics contaminated with antibiotics, the chemicals can become available for absorption in the gut.

2023 Environment International 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Digestion of plastics using in vitro human gastrointestinal tract and their potential to adsorb emerging organic pollutants

Researchers simulated human digestion of polystyrene and polyethylene plastics and found that digestive processes fundamentally altered plastic surfaces, creating new functional groups and generating micro- and nanostructures that can detach. The study suggests that digested plastics have enhanced capacity to adsorb certain pollutants like triclosan and diclofenac, potentially increasing health risks from ingested plastic.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 45 citations