Papers

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Article Tier 2

Occurrence and human health risks of microplastics in the Bay of Bengal using Perna viridis as sentinel species

Researchers found microplastics in water, sediment, and green mussel tissues at every site tested across five locations in the Bay of Bengal. The mussels showed tissue damage including inflammation and cell death linked to microplastic accumulation, with the digestive gland carrying the highest burden. Since these mussels are consumed by local communities, the findings raise direct concerns about human microplastic exposure through seafood.

2026 Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Neurophysiological and Immunological Effects of Microplastics in Green Mussels (Perna viridis) from N4 Beach and Pulicat Lake, Tamil Nadu, India

Researchers examined the neurophysiological, immunological, and biochemical effects of environmental microplastic exposure on green mussels (Perna viridis) collected from two coastal sites in Tamil Nadu, India with differing pollution levels. The study found measurable differences in stress biomarkers between sites, suggesting that ambient microplastic contamination levels affect the physiological health of these commercially important filter-feeding bivalves.

2026 UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in Indian edible mussels (Perna perna and Perna viridis) and their environs

Microplastic contamination was found in both Perna viridis and Perna perna mussels and in the surrounding water and sediments at collection sites in India, with larger mussels containing more particles than smaller ones and sediments harboring higher concentrations than overlying water, confirming commercially harvested Indian mussels as vehicles for human microplastic ingestion.

2021 Marine Pollution Bulletin 89 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of Microplastics in the Shell and Soft Tissues of Green Mussel, Perna viridis from N4 Beach and Pulicat Lake, Tamil Nadu, India

Researchers collected green mussels (Perna viridis) from two sites in Tamil Nadu, India, and used peroxide oxidation and FTIR to quantify and characterize microplastics in shells and soft tissues. Site 1 (Chennai beach) had higher average contamination at 228 particles per mussel, with soft tissues containing more microplastics than shells across both locations.

2025 UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
Article Tier 2

Field and laboratory-based evidence of microplastic ingestion by the Asian green mussel, Perna viridis from the northern Malabar coast of India

Researchers documented microplastic contamination in Asian green mussels from the southwest coast of India, finding fibers, films, and beads in wild-collected specimens. Laboratory experiments confirmed that the mussels readily ingest polystyrene microplastics and accumulate them in their tissues. The findings raise food safety concerns since green mussels are widely consumed in the region and could serve as a pathway for human microplastic exposure.

2025 Marine Pollution Bulletin 2 citations
Article Tier 2

EFFECT OF MICROPLASTIC ON GREEN MUSSEL Perna viridis: EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

Researchers experimentally exposed green mussels (Perna viridis) to microplastics under controlled laboratory conditions and observed effects on feeding activity, tissue accumulation, and physiological stress responses. The study provides empirical evidence that microplastic ingestion causes measurable biological harm in this commercially harvested bivalve species.

2020 Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Histological Alteration of Green Mussel Perna viridis Organs Exposed to Microplastics

Researchers exposed green mussels Perna viridis to three microplastic concentrations for seven days and examined tissue histology in gills, hepatopancreas, and gonads, finding dose-dependent increases in tissue alteration with the hepatopancreas being the most sensitive organ. The study confirms histological biomarkers in mussel organs can serve as useful indicators of microplastic exposure in ecotoxicological assessments.

2022 SQUALEN Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Preliminary study and first evidence of presence of microplastics and colorants in green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), from southeast coast of India

Researchers conducted the first investigation of microplastics in green mussels from the southeast coast of India, near the Chennai fishing harbour. They identified polystyrene particles in the soft tissues of all samples using Raman spectroscopy, and also detected colorants of anthropogenic origin. The findings suggest that size and color influence microplastic bioavailability to filter-feeding bivalves, and that coastal zones near harbours are hotspots for this contamination.

2019 Marine Pollution Bulletin 141 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination and risk assessment in bivalves of economic importance from Beypore estuary, Southern India

Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in green mussels and clams from the Beypore estuary in southern India and found widespread contamination, with fibers being the most common particle type. They calculated health risk indices for people who regularly eat these shellfish and found the risk was currently low but worth monitoring. Since bivalves are eaten whole, including their digestive systems, they represent a direct pathway for microplastics to enter the human diet.

2024 Environmental Research 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Contamination of microplastic in bivalve: first evaluation in Vietnam

For the first time in Vietnam, microplastics were detected inside green mussels (Perna viridis), with fibers and fragments being the most common types. Given that mussels are widely eaten in Vietnam, this raises concerns about microplastic exposure through seafood.

2019 Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences 63 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics effects on the physiology of the Mussel Perna perna (Bivalvia:Mytilidae)

This Brazilian study exposed mussels (Perna perna) to polyethylene microplastics from cosmetics to examine whether effects are physical or chemical in nature. The study contributes to understanding of microplastic risks to filter-feeding shellfish that are widely consumed by humans.

2015 LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination in green mussels Perna viridis in Pangkajene Kepulauan Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Microplastics in the form of fibers and fragments were found in green mussels (Perna viridis) from Pangkajene Kepulauan Waters, South Sulawesi, with over 71% of sampled individuals containing microplastics and smaller mussels showing the highest exposure frequency.

2021 Akuatikisle Jurnal Akuakultur Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination in the green mussels (Perna viridis) cultured for human consumption in Thailand

Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in green mussels farmed for human consumption at two sites in Thailand's Gulf coast. They found microplastics in 100% of water, sediment, and mussel samples, with fibers being the most common shape and polyethylene terephthalate the most frequent polymer type. The study estimates that Thai consumers eating mussels could ingest thousands of microplastic particles annually, highlighting the need for monitoring aquaculture products.

2023 Regional Studies in Marine Science 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Qualitative Assessment and Management of Microplastics in Asian Green Mussels (Perna viridis) Cultured in Bacoor Bay,Cavite, Phillipines

Green mussels cultured in Bacoor Bay in the Philippines were found to contain microplastics, which can accumulate persistent organic pollutants in the tissues of filter-feeding shellfish. Since green mussels are widely consumed as food, the findings raise food safety concerns about the combined exposure to microplastics and associated chemical contaminants.

2016 SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of exposure to nanoplastics on the gill of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis: An integrated perspective from multiple biomarkers

Researchers exposed Mediterranean mussels to polystyrene nanoplastics for seven days and measured multiple gill biomarkers, finding that nanoplastics triggered oxidative stress, inhibited acetylcholinesterase, disrupted sodium-potassium ion transport, and impaired energy and lipid metabolism, pointing to broad physiological interference in marine invertebrates.

2023 Marine Environmental Research 14 citations
Article Tier 2

THE RELATIONSHIP OF MICROPLASTIC ABUNDANCE IN GREEN MUSSEL Perna viridis AND THE WATERS OF MANGKANG BEACH, SEMARANG

A study of green mussels (Perna viridis) farmed in a coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia found microplastics in both the surrounding water and mussel tissue, with statistical analysis confirming a significant relationship between water contamination levels and mussel body burden. Because green mussels are widely consumed locally, this finding highlights a direct pathway for microplastic exposure through seafood in the region.

2026 University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)
Article Tier 2

Tissue-Specific Biomarker Responses in the Blue Mussel Mytilus spp. Exposed to a Mixture of Microplastics at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations

Researchers exposed blue mussels to an environmentally relevant mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics at three concentrations and examined tissue-specific responses over 10 days of exposure and 10 days of depuration. They found that microplastics triggered different antioxidant responses in the digestive gland versus the gills, with some evidence of DNA damage and immune system changes. The study highlights that even low, environmentally realistic concentrations of microplastics can induce measurable biochemical stress in marine bivalves.

2019 Frontiers in Environmental Science 164 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of environmentally relevant levels of polyethylene microplastic on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca: Bivalvia): filtration rate and oxidative stress

Researchers exposed Mediterranean mussels to polyethylene microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations and found significant reductions in filtration rate and signs of oxidative damage in the digestive gland. The study suggests that microplastics as small as 40-48 micrometers can disrupt antioxidant defenses in bivalves even at low concentrations, raising concerns about their impact on marine filter-feeders.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 99 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment of Microplastics in Green Mussel (Perna viridis) and Surrounding Environments around Sri Racha Bay, Thailand

Researchers assessed microplastic contamination in seawater, sediments, and green mussels (Perna viridis) around Sri Racha Bay, Thailand, finding seasonal variation with higher levels during the wet season and confirming that mussels bioaccumulate microplastics from their surrounding environment.

2022 Sustainability 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Preliminary Study and First Evidence of Presence of Microplastics in Green Mussel, Perna viridis from Phuket

Green mussels (Perna viridis) collected from a canal in Phuket, Thailand were examined in a preliminary study and found to contain microplastics in their tissues. The study provides initial evidence of microplastic contamination in commercially important Thai coastal mussels and establishes baseline data for future monitoring.

2022 Applied Environmental Research 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics Contamination in the Kalirejo Coastal Area, East Java, Indonesia and their Presence in Green Mussels (Perna viridis)

Researchers surveyed the waters and green mussels along the Kalirejo coast in East Java, Indonesia, and found microplastics in all samples, with higher concentrations at shallower depths. Polyethylene fragments were the most common type, and there was a strong correlation between microplastic levels in the water and in mussel tissues, indicating the animals absorb plastics directly from their environment. The findings raise concerns about both ecological impacts and potential health risks from consuming contaminated shellfish in this major mussel farming region.

2025 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of microplastics and natural microparticles on green Mussel (Perna viridis)

Researchers compared the effects of microplastics and natural microparticles on green mussels (Perna viridis), finding that natural microparticles caused similar or greater stress responses, suggesting that studies using only microplastics may overestimate their specific contribution to marine organism harm.

2021 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 8 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in Green Shells in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Literature Review of Determinant Factors and Management

This literature review synthesized 35 studies on microplastic contamination in green mussels (a widely consumed shellfish), finding that fibers under 1 mm were the most common form and that both human and industrial activities drive contamination levels. Because mussels filter large volumes of water, they concentrate microplastics from their surroundings and pass them on to people who eat them, making shellfish a key pathway for human dietary exposure.

2023 JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Standardized trimodal histopathological examination for microplastic detection and tissue-level assessment in green mussels (Perna viridis) cultivated near an industrial estate in Rayong, Thailand

Researchers applied a standardised trimodal histopathological examination to detect microplastics in green mussels (Perna viridis) cultivated near an industrial estate in Rayong, Thailand, finding digestive tracts, gills, and digestive glands to be the most informative tissues for biomonitoring, with plastic presence even in tissues showing no obvious lesions.

2025 Veterinary World