Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

"mi̇kroplasti̇k Atiklarin Neden Olduğu Makro Problemler: Sürdürülebi̇li̇r Yöneti̇m Yaklaşimi"

This Turkish-language review (with an English abstract) provides an overview of microplastic pollution as an emerging global environmental and human health problem, covering sources, distribution, and the need for sustainable management strategies including recycling and reducing single-use plastics. While primarily a summary of existing evidence, it emphasizes that regulatory action is urgently needed to tackle the scale of microplastic contamination across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems.

2023
Article Tier 2

International Law and Regulation of Marine Microplastics: Current Situation, Problems, and Development

This study evaluated the current international legal framework governing marine microplastic pollution and identified significant gaps in regulatory coverage. Researchers found that existing global and regional legal instruments lack the specificity and enforcement mechanisms needed to effectively address microplastic contamination. The study offers recommendations for strengthening international law to better regulate the sources and impacts of marine microplastic pollution.

2024 Sustainability 11 citations
Article Tier 2

A review of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems of Turkey

This review of plastic pollution in Turkish aquatic ecosystems found that both macro- and microplastics have been documented in marine and freshwater environments, with Turkey identified as a major contributor to Mediterranean and Black Sea plastic pollution but limited regulation and monitoring in place.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 57 citations
Article Tier 2

Korunan Alanlarda Mi̇kroplasti̇kleri̇n Ekosi̇stem Üzeri̇nde Etki̇leri̇ Ve Koruma Mevzuati

This Turkish-language chapter examines the effects of microplastics on ecosystems in protected natural areas and reviews Turkish conservation legislation applicable to microplastic pollution. The authors include findings from field studies in Gokova Special Environmental Protection Area as an example of microplastic impacts on protected biodiversity.

2024
Article Tier 2

From micro to macro: legal tools for combating plastic pollution at national, EU, and international levels

Researchers analyzed how laws at the national, European Union, and international levels have evolved to address microplastic pollution, tracing the shift from voluntary guidelines to binding rules like the EU's 2023 restriction on synthetic microparticles. The review identifies ongoing challenges — including inconsistent definitions and weak enforcement — and calls for stronger global governance to close the legal gaps.

2026 Environmental Sciences Europe
Article Tier 2

Analysis of Marine Plastic Pollution and Environmental Problems

This review examines the sources, environmental and socioeconomic effects, and policy responses to marine plastic pollution, finding that while scientific knowledge is substantial, policy and regulatory initiatives have so far been inadequate and inconsistent across countries. The paper calls for stronger international coordination and more effective governance tools to meaningfully reduce plastic inputs to the ocean.

2023 Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology 3 citations
Article Tier 2

An International Legal Framework for Marine Plastics Pollution

This legal analysis reviews the current international framework for regulating marine plastics and identifies significant gaps and inconsistencies across treaties and agreements. The chapter argues that stronger, more unified global legal instruments are needed to effectively reduce plastic pollution in the world's oceans.

2023 Cambridge University Press eBooks 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Prawna ochrona wód powierzchniowych przed zanieczyszczeniem mikroplastikiem w UE i w Polsce

This Polish legal analysis reviews EU and Polish regulatory frameworks for protecting surface waters from microplastic contamination, including the European Green Deal and circular economy plan. The paper assesses how effectively current water and waste management laws address microplastic pollution and identifies remaining regulatory gaps.

2023 Gdańskie Studia Prawnicze
Article Tier 2

Legal Analysis of the Prevention of Marine Microplastics Pollution

This legal analysis examines international law frameworks governing marine microplastic pollution prevention, identifying obstacles including enforcement difficulties, weak jurisdictional clarity, and insufficient coordination among existing treaty regimes, while noting growing attention to microplastics in UN General Assembly resolutions and calling for stronger multilateral legal mechanisms.

2022 Law and Economy
Article Tier 2

From macro- to microplastics - Analysis of EU regulation along the life cycle of plastic bags

This paper analyzed EU regulations on plastics across the product lifecycle — from manufacture to disposal — identifying gaps and inconsistencies that allow microplastics to enter the environment despite existing legislative frameworks.

2017 Environmental Pollution 145 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigation of Prevailing Directives Regarding Microplastic Pollution

This review examines prevailing regulations and directives governing microplastic pollution, which enters land and water environments through inadequate plastic waste management and urban wastewater discharge. The authors analyze gaps in current policy frameworks and assess the effectiveness of existing global and regional legislative approaches.

2024
Article Tier 2

Penanggulangan Pencemaran Sampah Plastik Di Laut Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional

This Indonesian-language paper reviews international law frameworks for addressing marine plastic pollution, noting that approximately 80% of solid marine debris is plastic. The study discusses how international legal instruments can be strengthened to address the management of plastic waste that becomes marine microplastics.

2020 Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan 26 citations
Article Tier 2

International Legal Systems in Tackling the Marine Plastic Pollution: A Critical Analysis of UNCLOS and MARPOL

This legal analysis examines how two major international agreements, UNCLOS and MARPOL, address marine plastic pollution and identifies significant gaps in their ability to reduce it. The existing laws lack enforceable requirements for reducing land-based plastic waste and have uneven enforcement of rules for ship-based discharges. The paper proposes strengthening international law to promote a circular economy approach, which matters because marine plastic breaks down into microplastics that enter the seafood supply.

2025 Water 9 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastics: A Review of Policies and Responses

This critical review assembled current knowledge on policies and regulatory responses to plastic pollution globally, including legislative measures, economic instruments, and voluntary commitments. The authors identify a gap between scientific evidence and policy action and call for stronger, more coordinated international governance of plastic pollution.

2022 Microplastics 79 citations
Article Tier 2

The Role of Legislation, Regulatory Initiatives and Guidelines on the Control of Plastic Pollution

This review examines existing plastic pollution regulations globally, finding that despite many proposals and national bans, the overall effectiveness of legislation is unclear and most measures focus narrowly on marine plastics or single-use items. The authors argue that laws often lag behind science and face practical limitations given how deeply embedded plastics are in daily life.

2020 Frontiers in Environmental Science 220 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in oceans

Researchers reviewed the state of microplastic pollution in European oceans following the EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive, highlighting that while plastic litter monitoring and impacts on fish and seabirds are well documented, more research is urgently needed to understand the broader ecological effects of microplastics on marine ecosystems. The review calls for stronger policy action to address plastic pollution beyond surface-level monitoring.

2011 Marine Pollution Bulletin 125 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine monitoring in Europe: is it adequate to address environmental threats and pressures?

A review of European coastal monitoring programs found significant gaps in detecting and tracking environmental threats, including microplastic pollution. The study calls for better integration of monitoring networks to provide the data needed for effective ocean management and pollution control.

2020 Ocean science 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges for Regulation and Management of Microplastic in Environment and Proposed Changes

This review examines failures in international law and national regulations to adequately address microplastic pollution in water bodies, arguing that recent treaty negotiations have been insufficient and proposing regulatory changes to better manage microplastics in the environment.

2025
Article Tier 2

Legal Issues on Indonesian Marine Plastic Debris Pollution

This paper reviews the legal and regulatory challenges Indonesia faces in addressing marine plastic debris pollution, arguing that existing laws are insufficient and poorly enforced. The review calls for more effective legislation and international cooperation to reduce one of the world's top contributors to ocean plastic pollution.

2020 Indonesia Law Review 9 citations
Article Tier 2

On the Challenge of Plastic Wastes and Litter in Oceans: Some Policy Reflections

This policy analysis discusses the growing crisis of plastic litter in the world's oceans, reviewing international agreements and national policies aimed at reducing ocean plastic pollution. The authors argue that current policy efforts fall far short of what is needed and propose stronger global governance frameworks.

2021 Environmental Policy and Law
Article Tier 2

Microplastic litter composition of the Turkish territorial waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and its occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of fish

Researchers analyzed microplastic litter composition in Turkish territorial waters of the Mediterranean, documenting polymer types, shapes, and sizes and identifying textiles and packaging as dominant plastic sources.

2017 Environmental Pollution 736 citations
Article Tier 2

An Examination of Evolving Concerns, Obstacles, and Prospects in Relation to Pollution in the Marine Environment

This review examines international and national regulatory frameworks for marine pollution, finding that laws are often reactive — triggered only after environmental disasters — and inadequate for addressing diffuse threats like microplastic contamination. The authors argue that current legal tools need modernization and stronger enforcement to keep pace with emerging pollutants. This is relevant context for understanding why microplastic regulation lags far behind scientific evidence of harm.

2023 Pakistan Journal of Criminal Justice 7 citations
Article Tier 2

International treaties, national laws, and best legal practices for addressing plastic pollution in the oceans

This thesis examines plastic pollution in the world's oceans through the lens of international treaties, national laws, and social dynamics, evaluating the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks and best practices for addressing the growing crisis of marine plastic contamination.

2025
Article Tier 2

Plasti̇k Atiklar Ve Sürdürülebi̇li̇rli̇k: Türki̇ye’de Plasti̇k Atik Yöneti̇mi̇

This Turkish-language policy paper examines the growing environmental burden of plastic waste in Turkey and evaluates current management practices against international agreements and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It finds significant gaps between Turkey's plastic waste policies and global sustainability commitments, and proposes systemic improvements. The paper contributes to the global policy debate on how nations should manage plastic waste to reduce its environmental and health impacts.

2023 Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 9 citations