Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

International Law and Regulation of Marine Microplastics: Current Situation, Problems, and Development

This study evaluated the current international legal framework governing marine microplastic pollution and identified significant gaps in regulatory coverage. Researchers found that existing global and regional legal instruments lack the specificity and enforcement mechanisms needed to effectively address microplastic contamination. The study offers recommendations for strengthening international law to better regulate the sources and impacts of marine microplastic pollution.

2024 Sustainability 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic proliferation in Malaysia’s waterways: bridging knowledge gaps for environmental health

This review evaluates the state of microplastic pollution in Malaysia's rivers, lakes, and coastal waters, identifying industrial activity, poor waste management, and weak enforcement as key drivers. Researchers found that fish consumption accounts for roughly half of human microplastic ingestion in the country. The study calls for stronger regulatory frameworks and better waste management to reduce the health risks from microplastic-contaminated waterways.

2025 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Addressing microplastics in drinking water in the global plastics treaty – Gaps, challenges and opportunities

Researchers analyzed the United Nations Global Plastics Treaty draft texts and found significant gaps in addressing microplastic contamination of drinking water. The study identified deficiencies in standardized terminology, monitoring methods, and enforceable targets related to microplastics in water supplies. The authors call for stronger provisions in the treaty to protect global drinking water quality from microplastic pollution.

2025 Cambridge Prisms Plastics 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges for Regulation and Management of Microplastic in Environment and Proposed Changes

This review examines failures in international law and national regulations to adequately address microplastic pollution in water bodies, arguing that recent treaty negotiations have been insufficient and proposing regulatory changes to better manage microplastics in the environment.

2025
Article Tier 2

Updated review on microplastics in water, their occurrence, detection, measurement, environmental pollution, and the need for regulatory standards

This review examines microplastic occurrence, detection methods, and measurement techniques in aquatic environments, highlighting the urgent need for explicit regulatory frameworks to address the growing threat of microplastic pollution in water systems.

2021 Environmental Pollution 130 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Malaysian bottled water brands: Occurrence and potential human exposure

Researchers tested eight major bottled water brands sold in Malaysia and found microplastic particles in all of them, with concentrations varying significantly between brands. The most common types were fragments and fibers made of polyethylene and polypropylene. The study estimates daily microplastic intake from bottled water consumption and highlights the need for quality standards addressing microplastic contamination in drinking water.

2022 Environmental Pollution 99 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in Marine Waters: a Malaysian Perspective

This review summarized the current state of microplastic pollution research in Malaysian marine ecosystems, covering occurrence in ocean, coastal, and estuarine environments. Fibers, fragments, and films were found across all environments studied. The review identifies research gaps and calls for standardized monitoring protocols to support policy development in Malaysia.

2022 Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Environment Management 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in Freshwater – Regulatory Barriers for Better Water Protection

This review examines regulatory barriers to freshwater microplastic protection, analyzing the limitations of existing water quality frameworks in addressing microplastic pollution in rivers and lakes. The authors argue that jurisdictional fragmentation, lack of standardized monitoring methods, and absence of enforceable microplastic-specific limits prevent effective water protection.

2025 Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog
Article Tier 2

International Water Law’s Role in Addressing the Problem of Marine Plastic Pollution: A Vital Piece in a Complex Puzzle!

This legal analysis examined the role of international water law in addressing marine plastic pollution, arguing that existing water governance frameworks have largely overlooked plastics as a water resource management problem. The author advocates for integrating plastic pollution controls into international water law instruments.

2022 Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics current status: legislation, gaps, limitations and socio-economic prospects for future

This review analyzes existing legislation on micro- and nanoplastic pollution across multiple countries and regions including Europe, North America, China, India, and Brazil. The study highlights significant regulatory gaps and recommends additional measures such as developing technologies for separating or degrading these particles in drinking water and wastewater.

2023 Frontiers in Environmental Science 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Malaysia's Aquatic Environment: Current Overview and Future Perspectives

This review summarizes microplastic research across Malaysia's rivers, coastal waters, seafood, and sediments, finding widespread contamination in all aquatic environments studied. Fibers and fragments from everyday plastic products were the most common types found. The authors highlight that Malaysians face significant microplastic exposure through seafood consumption and call for better pollution monitoring and waste management policies.

2023 Global Challenges 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigation of Prevailing Directives Regarding Microplastic Pollution

This review examines prevailing regulations and directives governing microplastic pollution, which enters land and water environments through inadequate plastic waste management and urban wastewater discharge. The authors analyze gaps in current policy frameworks and assess the effectiveness of existing global and regional legislative approaches.

2024
Article Tier 2

Disparities in Methods Used to Determine Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Legislation, Sampling Process and Instrumental Analysis

This review examined the wide disparities in sampling, processing, and analytical methods used across microplastic studies, highlighting how inconsistent approaches make it difficult to compare results and calling for standardized international protocols and regulatory frameworks.

2021 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 45 citations
Article Tier 2

Methodological Challenges of Microplastic Sampling and Analysis in the Framework of the MicroDrink Project

This study examined methodological challenges in microplastic sampling and analysis within the MicroDrink project, which focuses on MPs in drinking water resources. It highlighted the urgent need for standardized methods to accurately measure MP concentrations and assess their health impacts.

2025 Dr RGF - RGF Repository
Article Tier 2

Microplastics ubiquity in freshwater, marine and coastal environments in Malaysia: a critical review

This review of existing research found that Malaysia's rivers and waterways are heavily polluted with microplastics—tiny plastic particles smaller than 5mm that come from waste disposal, city runoff, and farming activities. This is concerning because about 97% of Malaysia's drinking water comes from these contaminated water sources, potentially exposing people to these plastic particles. The pollution levels vary widely, with some rivers containing over 4,000 plastic particles per liter of water.

2026 Cleaner Water
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in water resources: Global pollution circle, possible technological solutions, legislations, and future horizon

This review summarizes the global scope of microplastic contamination in water and sediment, finding levels that vary enormously -- from near zero to thousands of particles per sample. Microplastics absorb other pollutants from their surroundings, potentially concentrating harmful chemicals, and they infiltrate food chains from the smallest organisms upward. The authors call for stronger legislation and a combination of technological innovation, recycling, and public awareness to address this widespread threat to ecosystems and human health.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Preventing Microplastic Pollution in Surface Waters: Legal Frameworks and Strategic Actions

This study reviews the legal frameworks and strategic actions being developed in India and internationally to prevent microplastic contamination of surface waters. Researchers examined policies including plastic waste management rules, bans on single-use plastics, and extended producer responsibility programs. The study highlights that while regulatory progress has been made, effective enforcement and coordination between governments, industry, and the public remain essential for reducing microplastic pollution in waterways.

2025 Environmental Quality Management 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Policy and Governance of Emerging Contaminants in Drinking Water: A Comparative Analysis of Global Regulations and Remediation Strategies

This review compares how different countries and international bodies regulate emerging contaminants in drinking water, including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Researchers found significant gaps and inconsistencies between regulatory frameworks, with many countries lacking specific standards for these newer pollutants. The study calls for more harmonized global policies and investments in advanced water treatment technologies to address these growing threats to drinking water safety.

2025 Path of Science 2 citations
Review Tier 2

Abundance, Uptake, Presence and Biodegradation of Microplastics in Malaysian Context: a Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review compiled published data on microplastic abundance, uptake, and biodegradation in Malaysia's environments and biota. The review finds that microplastic research in Malaysia is growing but still limited, and calls for standardized methods to allow better comparisons across studies.

2022 Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 5 citations
Review Tier 2

A Review of the Current Literature on Sources and Mitigation Strategies of Microplastics in Drinking Water

Researchers reviewed the key sources of microplastic contamination in drinking water — including plastic waste, synthetic clothing, and microbeads in personal care products — and assessed strategies for reducing exposure through improved treatment technologies and stricter regulations on plastic production. The review emphasizes that effective policy, combined with public awareness about single-use plastics, is essential for protecting drinking water quality.

2025 Proceedings of the International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering
Article Tier 2

Sampling Microplastics in Water Matrices: A Need for Standardization

This viewpoint highlights the lack of standardized sampling methods for measuring microplastics in water, arguing that inconsistencies in equipment, mesh size, and protocols make results across studies incomparable and calling for harmonized international standards to enable meaningful monitoring and regulatory decisions.

2022 ACS ES&T Water 23 citations
Article Tier 2

A review of plastic and microplastic pollution towards the Malaysian marine environment

This review examined plastic and microplastic pollution in the Malaysian marine environment, documenting contamination sources, distribution patterns, and ecological impacts on marine organisms while identifying research gaps and policy recommendations.

2022 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Abundance And Distribution Of Plastic Debris In Beach Sediment And Seawater Of The Northern Straits Of Malacca

Researchers surveyed the abundance and distribution of macro-, meso-, and microplastic debris in beach sediments and seawater along the Northern Straits of Malacca in Malaysia, providing baseline contamination data relevant to the country's national roadmap toward reducing single-use plastics.

2024 Padova Digital University Archive (Ateneo di Padova)
Article Tier 2

Efektivitas Hukum Terhadap Pencemaran Lingkungan Mikroplastik Oleh Produsen Air Mineral di Batam

Researchers examined the legal effectiveness of Indonesian environmental regulations in controlling microplastic pollution by mineral water producers in Batam City, focusing on the use of gallon-based packaging (GSP) as a source of plastic contamination. The study assesses factors contributing to regulatory ineffectiveness and the capacity of existing law to enforce environmental accountability among business actors.

2024 JURNAL HUKUM MEDIA JUSTITIA NUSANTARA