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Methodological Challenges of Microplastic Sampling and Analysis in the Framework of the MicroDrink Project
Summary
This study examined methodological challenges in microplastic sampling and analysis within the MicroDrink project, which focuses on MPs in drinking water resources. It highlighted the urgent need for standardized methods to accurately measure MP concentrations and assess their health impacts.
Background & Objectives The presence of microplastics (MP) in drinking water resources is a growing concern, highlighting the urgent need for robust and standardized methods to accurately measure concentrations and assess potential environmental and human health impacts of MP. A lack of standardized methods for MP monitoring (water sampling, laboratory analysis) and varying national capacities pose significant obstacles and challenges across the entire EU as well as in the Danube River Basin (DRB). To address this, the MicroDrink project was launched with the primary goal of enhancing DRB capacity for managing MP pollution. Methods One of the three specific objectives of the project was the development of a reliable methodology for groundwater and drinking water sampling. Based on the specific Commission Delegated Decision (EU) 2024/1441 , the proposed approach involved filtering 1,000 litres of water through two 20 μm stainless-steel filters (first filter: sample, second: blank), maintaining a flow rate below 1 L/s. Research on the presence of MP in drinking water resources is carried out in 9 pilot areas in all 8 participating countries. In Serbia, microplastics in drinking water sources are monitored in two pilot areas: the „Pavliš“ source (intergranular aquifer) and the „Staničenje“ source (river bank filtration). Results The initial sampling campaign revealed several challenges. Excessive interference probably caused by rubber particles from the hoses. The filter mesh was partially damaged or deformed due to excessive water pressure (and/or transport and handling), causing changes in the pore sizes and allowing particles larger than 20 µm to pass. Furthermore, local laboratories reported discrepancies in microplastics analysis results for duplicate samples (the same water sample). A high number of microplastic particles were unexpectedly found in the blank control sample, indicating potential impairments of the filter cascade functionality and/or contamination issues. Conclusions To address these problems, the project team proposed and implemented several solutions, such as recommending the flushing of rubber sampling hoses before use or replacing them with silicone or metal alternatives, as well as carefully controlling the water flow rate to prevent filter damage and implementing more rigorous cleaning protocols for the filters (using an ultrasonic bath and rinsing equipment with pre-filtered deionized water). The team also suggested using alternative types of filters to improve data reliability and reduce the risk of contamination. These refinements aim to improve the accuracy and consistency of future microplastics monitoring efforts in drinking water sources.
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