Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Enhanced polystyrene nanoplastic removal by CTAB-modified magnetic biochar: Adsorption performance and mechanisms

Researchers engineered a CTAB-modified magnetic biochar adsorbent that removes polystyrene nanoplastics with a maximum capacity of 234 mg/g — more than double unmodified biochar — through electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interactions, and iron oxide surface complexation, while also being easily retrievable with a magnet.

2026 Journal of Environmental Management
Article Tier 2

Enhanced adsorption of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) onto oxidized corncob biochar with high pyrolysis temperature

Researchers tested how pyrolysis temperature and oxidative aging affect corncob biochar's ability to adsorb polystyrene nanoplastics, finding that higher pyrolysis temperatures and oxidation both increased adsorption capacity through expanded surface area, with hydrophobic interactions dominating in fresh biochar and hydrogen bonding becoming more important after oxidation.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 215 citations
Article Tier 2

Removal of nanoplastics from aqueous solution by aggregation using reusable magnetic biochar modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

CTAB-modified magnetic biochar was synthesized and found to efficiently remove polystyrene nanoplastics from water through electrostatic attraction, with the magnetic component enabling easy separation and reuse across multiple cycles. The composite offers a practical and low-cost approach for nanoplastic remediation from contaminated water.

2022 Environmental Pollution 76 citations
Article Tier 2

Efficiency of adsorption of PSNPs using spontaneous magnetic biochar prepared from pyrolysis of municipal sludge and industrial red mud solid waste

Researchers prepared a spontaneous magnetic biochar from municipal sludge and industrial red mud waste to remove polystyrene nanoplastics from water. The material achieved a 97.87% removal rate within 30 minutes, with electrostatic interactions identified as the primary adsorption mechanism. The magnetic properties of the biochar enabled easy solid-liquid separation without filtration, offering a practical approach for nanoplastic remediation using waste-derived materials.

2025 Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Filtration of microplastic spheres by biochar: removal efficiency and immobilisation mechanisms

Researchers tested biochar as a low-cost filter material for removing microplastic spheres from water, finding effective removal and identifying electrostatic attraction and physical entrapment as the main immobilization mechanisms.

2020 Water Research 430 citations
Article Tier 2

Adsorptive behavior of micro(nano)plastics through biochar: Co-existence, consequences, and challenges in contaminated ecosystems

This review examines how biochar can adsorb micro- and nanoplastics with over 90% removal efficiency in aqueous systems, while also discussing their combined effects on soil properties, microbial communities, and plant growth.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 138 citations
Article Tier 2

One-step synthesis of magnetic biochar via co-pyrolysis of walnut shells and Fe-rich mine tails for adsorption capacity improvement of polystyrene sulfonate microplastics: Role of microplastic size

Scientists created a magnetic biochar from walnut shells and iron-rich mining waste that effectively absorbs polystyrene microplastics from water. The iron-enhanced biochar performed about ten times better than untreated biochar, with electrostatic interactions and pore-filling being the main capture mechanisms. This low-cost material made from waste products could be a practical tool for removing microplastics from water, potentially reducing human exposure through drinking water.

2024 Environmental Technology & Innovation 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Removal of pristine and aged microplastics from water by magnetic biochar: Adsorption and magnetization

Researchers evaluated whether magnetic corncob biochar could effectively remove both pristine and aged polyamide microplastics from water. The study found that aging dramatically changed the surface properties of microplastics, and the biochar removed approximately 97% of aged microplastics compared to only 25% of pristine ones, with smaller particle sizes further improving removal. Evidence indicates that adsorption combined with magnetization offers a practical approach for removing environmentally weathered microplastics from water.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 132 citations
Article Tier 2

Biochar-facilitated remediation of nanoplastic contaminated water: Effect of pyrolysis temperature induced surface modifications

Researchers synthesized sugarcane bagasse biochar at three pyrolysis temperatures and found that biochar produced at 750°C removed over 99% of nanoplastics from water within 5 minutes, with monolayer sorption kinetics and a capacity of 44.9 mg/g, offering a rapid and efficient agricultural-waste-derived remediation approach.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 227 citations
Article Tier 2

Removal of micro- and nano-plastics from aqueous matrices using modified biochar – A review of synthesis, applications, interaction, and regeneration

This review examines how modified biochar materials can be used to remove micro- and nanoplastics from water. Researchers found that chemical functionalization and nanoparticle integration of biochar significantly improve its ability to capture plastic particles through mechanisms like electrostatic interaction and physical adsorption. The study also highlights challenges in regenerating used biochar for sustainable reuse in water treatment applications.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhanced removal of aged and differently functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics using ball-milled magnetic pinewood biochars

Researchers developed magnetic biochars from pinewood using ball-milling with iron oxide nanoparticles, achieving highly effective removal of various functionalized and aged polystyrene nanoplastics from water with easy magnetic separation and reusability.

2022 Environmental Pollution 91 citations
Article Tier 2

Trends in the applications of biochar for the abatement of microplastics in water

This review examines how biochar can be used to remove microplastics and nanoplastics from water, summarizing recent advances in biochar modification strategies that improve adsorption capacity and minimize secondary pollution risks.

2025 Bioresource Technology Reports
Article Tier 2

Adsorption and mechanism of magnetically modified industrial hemp straw biochar on microplastics in aqueous solution

A magnetically modified industrial hemp straw biochar adsorbent was developed and tested for removing polystyrene microplastics from groundwater. The KOH-activated, iron-modified biochar achieved efficient MP adsorption through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interactions, offering a sustainable low-cost remediation material.

2026 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Mechanisms of polystyrene nanoplastics adsorption onto activated carbon modified by ZnCl2

Researchers enhanced activated carbon with zinc chloride to improve its ability to adsorb polystyrene nanoplastics from water, finding that pore filling and electrostatic interactions were the dominant removal mechanisms and that the modified carbon maintained stable performance in tap water and could be fully regenerated by high-temperature calcination.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 96 citations
Article Tier 2

Recent advances in biochar-mediated mitigation of microplastics: A comprehensive review on removal mechanisms, toxicity alleviation strategies, and synergistic environmental impacts

Researchers comprehensively reviewed recent advances in using biochar to mitigate microplastic pollution, including removal mechanisms, toxicity alleviation strategies, and synergistic environmental impacts. The study found that biochar is a promising candidate for microplastic removal and toxicity reduction due to its high specific surface area and adsorptive properties.

2026 Environmental Pollution
Article Tier 2

Removal of polystyrene nanosphere and fragment from aqueous solutions by magnetic biochar derived from crab shell

Researchers developed a magnetic biochar derived from crab shells (M-CSBC) and demonstrated its effectiveness for removing both spherical polystyrene nanoplastics and fragmental polystyrene microplastics from water. The material achieved maximum removal capacities of 90.09 mg/g for nanoplastics and 14.47 g/g for microplastics, following a Langmuir adsorption model, with performance influenced by pH and salinity.

2025 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
Article Tier 2

Removal of nano-sized polystyrene plastic from aqueous solutions using untreated coffee grounds

Researchers tested untreated coffee grounds as a low-cost biosorbent for removing nanoplastics from water, finding up to 74% removal efficiency across a wide pH range within 40 minutes, with electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between coffee ground surface groups and the polystyrene particles driving adsorption.

2021 Chemosphere 91 citations
Article Tier 2

Exploration of interaction mechanism and removal performance of polystyrene nanoplastics with covalent organic framework: Experimental and theoretical study

Researchers synthesized a covalent organic framework (COF) material and demonstrated it can remove polystyrene nanoplastics from water with 99% efficiency within two hours, driven primarily by electrostatic attraction, and retains strong performance across multiple regeneration cycles.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Biochar applications in microplastic and nanoplastic removal: mechanisms and integrated approaches

This review explores how biochar, a charcoal-like material made from organic waste, can be used to filter microplastics and nanoplastics out of water. Researchers found that biochar works through several mechanisms and becomes even more effective when combined with other water treatment technologies. The study suggests biochar-based approaches could be a practical, low-cost strategy for tackling plastic pollution in water systems.

2024 Environmental Science Water Research & Technology 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of micro/nanoplastics on physicochemical properties and cadmium(II)-sorption capacity of pig-bone biochar

Laboratory experiments found that when polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics interact with pig-bone biochar — a material used to remove heavy metals from soil — the effects depend on particle size: smaller biochar had its surface area reduced by the plastics, while larger biochar showed increased cadmium removal capacity after contact with nanoplastics. The results suggest that microplastics in soils can subtly alter the performance of remediation materials, which is important for predicting how biochar behaves in contaminated agricultural soils where plastics are also present.

2026 Environmental Technology & Innovation