Papers

61,005 results
|
Article Tier 2

Solving the plastic dilemma: the fungal and bacterial biodegradability of polyurethanes

This review examined the biodegradability of polyurethane by fungi and bacteria, identifying promising microbial species and enzymes capable of breaking down this widely used but environmentally persistent plastic polymer.

2023 World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 54 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbial Degradation of Plastic Polymers

This review examines microbial degradation pathways for common synthetic plastics including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC, polyurethane, and PET, describing how mechanical and biological processes fragment plastics into microplastics and how microorganisms can be leveraged to address plastic pollution in aquatic and terrestrial environments.

2025
Article Tier 2

Microbial enzymes for the recycling of recalcitrant petroleum‐based plastics: how far are we?

This review examines the progress in identifying microbial enzymes capable of breaking down petroleum-based plastics like polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, and PET. Researchers highlight recent advances in using polyester-degrading enzymes to recover raw materials from PET waste through biocatalytic recycling. The study discusses the potential and remaining challenges of using biological approaches to address the growing global problem of plastic waste accumulation.

2017 Microbial Biotechnology 788 citations
Article Tier 2

Aplicação de microrganismos lipolíticos em alimentos e na biodegradação de poliuretanos

This Brazilian study reviewed the application of lipolytic microorganisms and their enzymes in food processing and in the biodegradation of polyurethane plastics. Lipase enzymes from microbes show potential for breaking down plastic materials including polyurethane foam that otherwise persists as microplastic fragments.

2023
Article Tier 2

Breakthrough in polyurethane bio-recycling: An efficient laccase-mediated system for the degradation of different types of polyurethanes

A laccase-mediated enzymatic system efficiently degraded multiple types of polyurethane plastics in aqueous solution at mild conditions, breaking polymer chains and reducing molecular weight within days, offering a green biotechnology approach to managing polyurethane waste that conventional recycling and chemical degradation struggle to address.

2021 Waste Management 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Structural, functional, and molecular docking analyses of microbial cutinase enzymes against polyurethane monomers

Researchers performed structural, functional, and molecular docking analyses of microbial cutinase enzymes against polyurethane monomers, identifying promising enzyme candidates for biodegradation of polyurethane plastic waste.

2022 Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Plastic and the Role of Microbial Enzymes in Plastic Waste Management

This review examines how microbial enzymes, particularly PET hydrolases and oxidative enzymes, can depolymerize and break down common plastic polymers through biological degradation. The study suggests that enzymatic approaches to plastic waste management offer a promising complement to mechanical and chemical recycling, though optimizing enzyme activity and scaling up the process remain key challenges.

2026 International Journal of Education Management and Technology
Article Tier 2

Microbial plastic degradation: enzymes, pathways, challenges, and perspectives.

This review synthesizes current knowledge on microbial plastic degradation, covering the enzymes and metabolic pathways involved in breaking down major synthetic polymers, the challenges limiting efficient biodegradation, and perspectives for engineering improved microbial solutions to plastic waste.

2025 Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
Article Tier 2

Breaking down the plastics paradox: polymer degrading microorganisms

This review examines microorganisms capable of degrading plastics, cataloging the bacteria and fungi discovered to break down common polymers like polyethylene, polystyrene, and PET. Identifying and harnessing plastic-degrading microbes could provide biological solutions to the accumulation of microplastics in the environment.

2023 Bulgarian Chemical Communications
Article Tier 2

Effect of Polymer Properties on the Biodegradation of Polyurethane Microplastics

Researchers investigated biodegradation of different thermoplastic polyurethane formulations in compost, finding that the ester bond chemistry of polyurethanes enables some degree of hydrolytic degradation. The rate and extent of biodegradation varied substantially with polymer chemistry, with ester-based polyurethanes degrading faster than ether-based types.

2022 Environmental Science & Technology 63 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbes in Plastic Degradation

This review examines how microorganisms can break down common plastics like polyethylene and PET through enzymatic processes. Researchers summarized the key bacterial and fungal species capable of degrading plastics and the conditions that affect degradation rates. The study highlights that while microbial plastic degradation is promising, natural breakdown is slow and more research is needed to make biological solutions practical at scale.

2024 International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Synthetic Plastics

This review examines microorganisms and enzymes that show promise for breaking down common synthetic plastics like polyethylene, PET, and polystyrene. While natural biodegradation of these materials is extremely slow, researchers have identified certain bacteria, fungi, and enzymes that can accelerate the process, pointing toward potential biological solutions for plastic pollution.

2020 Frontiers in Microbiology 990 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbial Degradation and Valorization of Plastic Wastes

This review covers recent advances in microbial and enzymatic degradation of synthetic plastic wastes, summarizing the microorganisms and enzymes capable of attacking different polymer types and assessing the prospects for biological plastic waste treatment at scale.

2020 Frontiers in Microbiology 551 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding visible light and microbe-driven degradation mechanisms of polyurethane plastics: Pathways, property changes, and product analysis

Researchers found that polyurethane plastics break down in water through a combination of microbial action and light exposure, producing secondary microplastics as they degrade. This study reveals a previously underappreciated source of microplastic pollution, since polyurethane is widely used in coatings, foams, and other products that often end up in waterways.

2024 Water Research 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Microplastic: A Sustainable Approach

This review examines biological approaches to microplastic degradation, covering microorganisms and enzymes capable of breaking down common plastic polymers such as PET and polyethylene. Biodegradation could offer a sustainable path to reducing microplastic accumulation in soil, water, and marine environments.

2023 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Article Tier 2

Discovery of Plastics-degrading Enzymes

This review examines the discovery and characterization of plastic-degrading enzymes, exploring microbial strategies for breaking down synthetic polymers that persist in the environment for up to 1,000 years. The paper discusses enzyme mechanisms, substrate specificity, and the potential of biological degradation to address the global plastic waste crisis driven by poor recycling practices.

2023 Kemija u industriji 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach

This review catalogued the bacteria and fungi capable of degrading synthetic polymers, identifying dominant species like Pseudomonas and Aspergillus and arguing that microbial enzymes hold significant potential as tools for biological plastic breakdown.

2017 Bioresources and Bioprocessing 781 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbial Biodegradation of Plastics and Microplastics: Enzymatic Mechanisms, Biotechnological Applications, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives

This review examined the enzymatic mechanisms by which microorganisms degrade plastics and microplastics, covering biotechnological applications and ecotoxicological perspectives. Researchers found that certain bacterial and fungal enzymes can break down persistent plastic polymers, positioning microbial biodegradation as a promising sustainable remediation approach, though scalability and environmental deployment remain challenges.

2025 Environmental Toxicology and Ecology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Classification and microbes involved in Plastic biodegradation: A review

This review classifies types of plastics and catalogues the bacteria, fungi, and other microbes involved in plastic biodegradation, examining enzymatic mechanisms and conditions that facilitate microbial breakdown of synthetic polymers. The authors argue that microbial biodegradation offers a more sustainable and less hazardous alternative to physical and chemical disposal methods such as landfill and incineration.

2024 International Journal of Science and Research Archive
Review Tier 2

Microbial enzymes for plastic degradation: a comprehensive review of current status and emerging trends

This comprehensive review examines the current state of microbial enzyme research for degrading common plastics including PET, polyurethane, polyethylene, polystyrene, and PVC. Researchers highlight recent advances in enzyme discovery using computational tools, machine learning, and AI-assisted approaches, while noting that harnessing these biological systems could offer a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic waste management.

2026 Biodegradation
Article Tier 2

Plastics degradation by hydrolytic enzymes: the Plastics-Active Enzymes Database - PAZy

This paper introduces the Plastics-Active Enzymes Database (PAZy), cataloging the small number of currently known enzymes that can degrade plastic polymers including PET and polyurethane. Having a centralized database of plastic-degrading enzymes is a critical step for accelerating research into enzymatic plastic breakdown.

2021 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Role of Various Microbes and Their Enzymatic Mechanisms for Biodegradation of Microplastics

This review examines the microbial enzymes and degradation mechanisms responsible for biodegrading microplastic polymers, covering bacterial, fungal, and algal systems that have evolved plastic-degrading capabilities over the past 150 years of plastic production. The authors survey the most promising enzymatic pathways and organisms for biotechnological application in microplastic remediation.

2024
Article Tier 2

Degradation of polystyrene plastics by alkane monooxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase

Researchers investigated the ability of alkane monooxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes to degrade polystyrene plastics, identifying a microbial enzymatic pathway capable of breaking down this highly persistent polymer that ranks among the six most commercially important plastics worldwide.

2024 Global NEST Journal
Article Tier 2

Microbial Biodegradation of Plastic: A Noble Approach

This review examines microbial biodegradation of synthetic plastics as an alternative to conventional disposal methods, highlighting the capacity of diverse microorganisms to degrade recalcitrant polymers including those involved in agricultural, construction, health, and consumer goods applications. Researchers survey mechanisms by which bacteria and fungi break down non-degradable synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polystyrene, and PVC.

2024 ACTA SCIENTIFIC MICROBIOLOGY 1 citations