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Biodegradation of Microplastic: A Sustainable Approach
Summary
This review examines biological approaches to microplastic degradation, covering microorganisms and enzymes capable of breaking down common plastic polymers such as PET and polyethylene. Biodegradation could offer a sustainable path to reducing microplastic accumulation in soil, water, and marine environments.
Annual production of plastic has increased the 390.7 million metric tons in 2021 and plastic’s reprocessing has all but its sustainable solution for disposal of plastic waste has been unsuccessful. Plastic materials (fragments) are continuously accumulating in the environment, like, in sea, soil, air, rivers as well as oceans. Microplastic contamination is becoming a major concern worldwide. Nowadays, scientists are developing sustainable idea for the degradation of plastic waste with the help of microorganisms. In biodegradation of microplastics by microorganisms like fungi and bacteria are playing vital role in breaking-downs of the plastic polymers in simpler form and after that plastics are biologically degraded. Microorganisms (Pseudomonas sp., Rhodococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Zelerionmaritimum, Microalgae) that can degrade the different types of regular used synthetic plastics. The bacterial and fungal species produced Biosurfactants which helps the degradation process rapidly.