Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Impacts of microplastics and pesticides on Daphnia

Researchers investigated the combined and individual impacts of microplastics and pesticides on Daphnia magna, a model crustacean widely used in freshwater ecotoxicology, to assess how these co-occurring pollutants affect aquatic ecosystem health. The study examined survival, reproduction, and physiological responses in D. magna exposed to varying concentrations of both stressors under controlled conditions.

2025 Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College)
Article Tier 2

Insights into the mechanisms of within-species variation in sensitivity to chemicals: A case study using daphnids exposed to CMIT/MIT biocide

Researchers compared how two strains of the water flea Daphnia pulex responded to a common industrial biocide and found that differences in sensitivity between strains of the same species were as large as differences between separate species, with epigenetic modifications (chemical tags on DNA) playing a key role in determining toxicity outcomes.

2023 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicological Effect of Polyethylene Microsphere on Brachionus Plicatilis and Daphnia Magna

This study examined the toxicity of polyethylene microspheres on two aquatic organisms — a marine rotifer and a freshwater crustacean — finding dose-dependent reductions in survival and reproduction. The results confirm that microplastic particles at environmentally relevant concentrations can harm the base of aquatic food chains.

2018 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University AVESIS
Article Tier 2

Microplastics enhance Daphnia magna sensitivity to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin: Effects on life history traits

Researchers tested whether polyethylene microplastics alter the toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin to Daphnia magna and found that microplastic presence increased sensitivity to deltamethrin, reducing survival and reproductive output at concentrations that were not toxic without microplastics.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 100 citations
Article Tier 2

Physiological and metabolic alterations induced by commercial neonicotinoid formulations in Daphnia magna

This study tested the sublethal effects of two commercial neonicotinoid insecticide formulations on water fleas (Daphnia magna), finding that both altered metabolic processes and reduced reproductive output at environmentally relevant concentrations. Neonicotinoids are widely detected in surface waters and are a concern for non-target aquatic organisms. This paper is focused on pesticide toxicity rather than microplastics, but both are co-occurring stressors in aquatic environments.

2021 Research Square (Research Square) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Daphnia magna responses to fish kairomone and chlorpromazine exposures

Researchers exposed the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna to predator chemical cues (fish kairomones) and the neuroactive pharmaceutical chlorpromazine, finding that predator cues dominated behavioral and reproductive responses while the drug combination altered oxygen consumption, raising concerns about pharmaceutical interference with antipredator adaptations.

2020 Chemico-Biological Interactions 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicity of Military Chemical Sulfur Mustard on the Growth of Daphnia magna

Researchers found that sulfur mustard, a military chemical agent, is highly toxic to the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, with LC50 values of 0.020 ppm at 24 hours and 0.018 ppm at 48 hours, demonstrating its potential to severely disrupt aquatic ecosystems even at very low concentrations.

2023 VNU Journal of Science Earth and Environmental Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of PET microplastics on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia similis Claus, 1976

Researchers investigated the effects of PET microplastics on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia similis, finding that high concentrations impaired survival and reproduction while sublethal levels altered antioxidant enzyme activity.

2023 Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Impacts of Contaminants on Crustaceans in the Field

This review examines how inorganic and organic contaminants in field conditions affect crustacean populations, finding that real-world pollutant mixtures including microplastics, heavy metals, and pesticides compromise crustacean physiology and contribute to population declines.

2025
Article Tier 2

Transgenerational Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Atrazine and Glyphosate Herbicides, Isolated and in Mixture, to Freshwater Microcrustacean Daphnia Magna

This study tested the effects of atrazine and glyphosate herbicides — alone and in combination — on the water flea Daphnia magna and its offspring across generations. Both herbicides caused reproductive harm and the effects were passed to subsequent generations, with combined exposure being more toxic. Since herbicide-contaminated water also contains microplastics in many agricultural settings, these combined stressor effects are relevant to real-world aquatic risk assessment.

2021 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxic Effects of Ester Based Polymers on Daphnia Magna: a Laboratory Microcosm Study

Researchers assessed the acute and chronic toxicity of polycarbonate, PET, and polybutylene terephthalate microplastics on Daphnia magna, finding EC50 values of 2.6, 4.7, and greater than 100 mg/L respectively at 72 hours, with physiological effects observed even at low immobilization rates. The study demonstrates that ester-based polymer microplastics differ substantially in their toxicity to freshwater zooplankton.

2022 Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics modify the toxicity of glyphosate on Daphnia magna

Daphnia magna were exposed to three glyphosate formulations combined with polyethylene microbeads or PET/PA fibers for one week, finding that microplastics altered (mostly reduced) the toxicity of glyphosate depending on formulation and plastic type. The study demonstrates that microplastics can modulate pesticide bioavailability and toxicity in freshwater crustaceans.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 107 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of PVC pipe leachates on the survival and reproduction of two micro-crustacean species Ceriodaphnia Cornuta and Daphnia Magna

Researchers tested whether leachates from PVC water pipes affect the survival and reproduction of two micro-crustacean species, finding toxic effects at relevant concentrations. PVC pipes can leach harmful plastic additives including phthalates into drinking water and aquatic environments, compounding the pollution associated with microplastics.

2020 Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Long Term Exposure to Virgin and Recycled LDPE Microplastics Induced Minor Effects in the Freshwater and Terrestrial Crustaceans Daphnia magna and Porcellio scaber

Long-term exposure studies of freshwater and terrestrial crustaceans to virgin and recycled LDPE microplastics found only minor effects on survival, reproduction, and immune response, suggesting that LDPE at tested concentrations poses limited chronic hazard to these species.

2021 Polymers 43 citations
Article Tier 2

Combined Toxicity of Glyphosate (Faena®) and Copper to the American Cladoceran Daphnia exilis—A Two-Generation Analysis

The North American cladoceran Daphnia exilis was exposed to mixtures of glyphosate herbicide and copper over two generations, with LC50 values of 4.22 mg/L and 13.45 microg/L respectively, and combined sublethal exposures reducing fecundity, clutch size, and neonate size across both parental and filial generations.

2023 Water 5 citations
Article Tier 2

The effect of microplastics and co-occurring toxicants on survival and life-history traits of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa

Researchers tested the effects of four types of microplastics on the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa, both alone and in combination with copper, insecticides, and diesel fuel. The study found that only polystyrene-based microplastics induced direct toxicity, while other polymer types modulated the toxicity of co-occurring chemical contaminants in varying ways.

2025 Limnology and Freshwater Biology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination worsens the ecotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Sars, 1885) and Echinisca triserialis (Brady, 1886)

Researchers found that microplastics worsen the toxic effects of the pesticide chlorpyrifos on two species of tiny freshwater crustaceans (cladocerans). When microplastics pre-loaded with chlorpyrifos were present, the combined exposure caused greater harm than either pollutant alone, reducing reproduction and survival rates. The study suggests that microplastics in agricultural waterways can act as carriers for pesticides, amplifying ecological risks to aquatic organisms.

2025 Ecotoxicology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Acute sensitivity of three Cladoceran species to different types of microplastics in combination with thermal stress

This study tested the acute sensitivity of three Cladoceran water flea species to different types of microplastics, finding species-specific differences in toxicity responses and identifying particle type and shape as key factors driving toxicity.

2018 Environmental Pollution 115 citations
Article Tier 2

Heart rate and behavioral responses in three phylogenetically distant aquatic model organisms exposed to environmental concentrations of carbaryl and fenitrothion

Researchers exposed zebrafish, Japanese medaka, and water fleas (Daphnia magna) to very low concentrations of two common insecticides — carbaryl and fenitrothion — that are considered "safe" by current standards. Despite being below established safety thresholds, both chemicals increased heart rate and disrupted normal swimming behavior across all three species, raising concerns that current safety standards may underestimate real-world risks to aquatic life.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Microplastic Concentrations on the Survivability and Reproduction of Moina Macrocopa

Polystyrene microplastics at varying concentrations were tested for their effects on the survival and reproduction of Moina macrocopa, a small freshwater crustacean used in toxicity testing. Higher microplastic concentrations reduced survival and reproduction, indicating ecotoxicological risks for zooplankton in contaminated freshwater.

2023 Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Emerging trends in nanoparticle toxicity and the significance of using Daphnia as a model organism

Researchers reviewed why the freshwater crustacean Daphnia is a valuable model organism for nanoparticle toxicity testing, summarizing how nanoparticle size, charge, and surface chemistry influence toxicity in Daphnia and highlighting key knowledge gaps in nanoplastic environmental risk assessment.

2021 Chemosphere 81 citations
Article Tier 2

Combined effect of polystyrene nanoparticles and chlorpyrifos to Daphnia magna

This study examined the combined effects of polystyrene nanoparticles and chlorpyrifos pesticide on Daphnia magna, a standard aquatic toxicity test organism. The two contaminants together caused greater mortality and reproductive impairment than either alone, suggesting synergistic toxicity.

2024 Chemosphere 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of combined nutrient and pesticide exposure on algal biomass and Daphnia magna abundance

Researchers investigated the individual and combined effects of nutrients and pesticides on Daphnia magna abundance and algal biomass under controlled conditions, examining how agricultural inputs — fertilizers driving eutrophication and pesticides causing direct toxicity — interact to affect freshwater biodiversity.

2022 Research Square (Research Square) 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Sublethal Effects of Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos on Hemato-Immunological Parameters of the Gercacinid Crab, Cardiosoma armatum (Herklots, 1851)

Researchers exposed the land crab Cardiosoma armatum to low concentrations of the pesticide chlorpyrifos for 28 days, finding significant suppression of immune function and alterations in blood chemistry at sublethal levels. While focused on pesticide toxicity, the study demonstrates how chemical pollutants—including those that adsorb onto microplastics—can harm crustaceans even at low concentrations.

2021 Bio Research Journal/Bio- Research 4 citations