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Long Term Exposure to Virgin and Recycled LDPE Microplastics Induced Minor Effects in the Freshwater and Terrestrial Crustaceans Daphnia magna and Porcellio scaber

Polymers 2021 43 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 50 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Margit Heinlaan, Margit Heinlaan, Margit Heinlaan, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Margit Heinlaan, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Margit Heinlaan, Heiki Vija, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Luka Škrlep, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Jelizaveta Titova, Damjana Drobne Heiki Vija, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Margit Heinlaan, Luka Škrlep, Margit Heinlaan, Luka Škrlep, Luka Škrlep, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Luka Škrlep, Andraž Dolar, Luka Škrlep, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Luka Škrlep, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Luka Škrlep, Luka Škrlep, Luka Škrlep, Damjana Drobne Heiki Vija, Heiki Vija, Meeri Visnapuu, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Heiki Vija, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Meeri Visnapuu, Luka Škrlep, Margit Heinlaan, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Luka Škrlep, Margit Heinlaan, Margit Heinlaan, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Luka Škrlep, Damjana Drobne Luka Škrlep, Luka Škrlep, Luka Škrlep, Luka Škrlep, Margit Heinlaan, Margit Heinlaan, Margit Heinlaan, Margit Heinlaan, Margit Heinlaan, Luka Škrlep, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Luka Škrlep, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Vambola Kisand, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Luka Škrlep, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Margit Heinlaan, Heiki Vija, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Vambola Kisand, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Margit Heinlaan, Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Heiki Vija, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne Damjana Drobne

Summary

Long-term exposure studies of freshwater and terrestrial crustaceans to virgin and recycled LDPE microplastics found only minor effects on survival, reproduction, and immune response, suggesting that LDPE at tested concentrations poses limited chronic hazard to these species.

Polymers
LDPE PE
Body Systems
Immune Reproductive
Models
Daphnia
Study Type Environmental

The effects of microplastics (MP) are extensively studied, yet hazard data from long-term exposure studies are scarce. Moreover, for sustainable circular use in the future, knowledge on the biological impact of recycled plastics is essential. The aim of this study was to provide long-term toxicity data of virgin vs recycled (mechanical recycling) low density polyethylene (LDPE) for two commonly used ecotoxicity models, the freshwater crustacean <i>Daphnia magna</i> and the terrestrial crustacean <i>Porcellio scaber</i>. LDPE MP was tested as fragments of 39.8 ± 8.82 µm (virgin) and 205 ± 144 µm (recycled) at chronic exposure levels of 1-100 mg LDPE/L (<i>D. magna</i>) and 0.2-15 g LDPE/kg soil (<i>P. scaber</i>). Mortality, reproduction, body length, total lipid content, feeding and immune response were evaluated. With the exception of very low inconsistent offspring mortality at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L of recycled LDPE, no MP exposure-related adverse effects were recorded for <i>D. magna</i>. For <i>P. scaber</i>, increased feeding on non-contaminated leaves was observed for virgin LDPE at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg. In addition, both LDPE induced a slight immune response at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg with more parameters altered for virgin LDPE. Our results indicated different sublethal responses upon exposure to recycled compared to virgin LDPE MP.

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