Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in Waters and Sediments in a Lentic System: A Case Study in a Tropical Wet Urban Lake of Samarinda, Indonesia

Researchers sampled water and sediment from a tropical urban lake in Samarinda, Indonesia, finding microplastic contamination at all 10 sampling sites with an average of 0.91 particles per litre in water and 375 particles per kilogram in sediment. Fibres — likely from textiles — dominated in both water and sediment, and polyethylene was the most common polymer identified. The study highlights how urban lakes in rapidly developing tropical cities are becoming significant repositories of microplastic pollution, driven by inadequate waste management infrastructure.

2025 Lakes & Reservoirs Science Policy and Management for Sustainable Use 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment of microplastic on tropical tidal lake waters in Medan (study cases-Siombak lake)

Researchers assessed microplastic pollution in Siombak Lake, a tropical tidal lake in Medan, Indonesia, sampling water and sediments and characterising particles by Raman spectroscopy and microscopy. They found concentrations of 91-126 particles per 100 mL of water and 262-398 particles per gram of dry sediment, dominated by fragment shapes and composed primarily of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, with a strong correlation between water and sediment concentrations.

2023 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of Microplastic Content in Surface Water of the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir in Indonesia

Researchers analyzed surface water from Indonesia's Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, a drinking water source, and found microplastics at every sampling location, with concentrations ranging from 340 to 820 particles per cubic meter. The dominant shapes were filaments and fibers, and the plastics identified included polypropylene and polystyrene. The highest contamination was found at an upstream river inlet, suggesting that rivers are a key delivery route for microplastics into the reservoir. The findings raise concerns about microplastic exposure through drinking water drawn from Indonesian surface water sources.

2025 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in the surface water of Lake Singkarak, Indonesia

Researchers investigated the first documented occurrence of microplastic pollution in Lake Singkarak, a tectonic lake in Indonesia, by collecting water samples from lake inlet, hydropower dam intake, and outlet sites. They found microplastics present throughout the lake's surface water, highlighting the vulnerability of this priority restoration lake to plastic waste inputs from rivers and catchment runoff.

2022 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Distribution of Microplastics from Nepal’s Second Largest Lake

Researchers conducted the first microplastic survey of Phewa Lake in Nepal, finding an average of 55–122.5 microplastic items per kilogram of sediment, with fiber shapes and polypropylene polymers dominating, and highest concentrations near densely populated shorelines.

2022 Water Air & Soil Pollution 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Northern Laguna Lake’s Shoreline Sediments

Researchers found microplastic contamination in shoreline sediments across three sites in northern Laguna Lake, the Philippines, with concentrations ranging from 296 to 1826 particles per kilogram of sediment, with fragment and fiber types linked to local aquaculture, clothing, and packaging materials.

2023 The Philippine journal of science 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization and risk assessment of microplastic contamination in a tropical man-made Lake and adjacent water using multi-approach analysis

This study investigated microplastic contamination in Kaptai Lake, the largest artificial lake in South Asia, and found concentrations ranging from 650 to 2,450 items per cubic meter in water and 135 to 607.5 items per kilogram in sediment. The majority of identified microplastics were small fibers less than 0.5 mm, with spatial variation influenced by polymer properties, local geography, and pollution sources.

2025 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of Microplastic Abundance in Lake Siombak, Medan Marelan, Medan

Researchers analyzed microplastic abundance in water, sediment, and fish from Lake Siombak in Medan, Indonesia, sampling from November 2021 to January 2022 using density separation and visual microscopy methods. Microplastic concentrations ranged from 93–519 particles/m3 in water, 521–1,481 particles/kg dry sediment, and 0–6 particles per individual fish, highlighting the lake's role as a microplastic distribution channel to coastal waters.

2023 Tunas Geografi 3 citations
Article Tier 2

A novel report on the occurrence of microplastics in Pekalongan River Estuary, Java Island, Indonesia

Researchers measured microplastic contamination in water and sediments of the Pekalongan River estuary in Indonesia, finding concentrations of 45.2-99.1 particles/L in water and 0.77-1.01 particles/g in sediment. Polystyrene, polyester, and polyamide were the dominant polymers, with fragments and films smaller than 1 mm accounting for the majority.

2023 Marine Pollution Bulletin 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in sediments of tropical shallow lakes

Researchers found microplastics in all sediment samples from 48 tropical shallow lakes across a climatic gradient, with fibres dominating over fragments and polyester being the most common polymer, indicating widespread plastic contamination even in inland freshwater ecosystems.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems: macro-, meso-, and microplastic debris in a floodplain lake

Researchers surveyed macro-, meso-, and microplastic debris in a South American floodplain lake and found an average of 704 microplastic particles per square meter in sediments, with plastic contamination comparable to marine beaches — demonstrating that freshwater lakes can be major plastic pollution reservoirs.

2017 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 308 citations
Article Tier 2

Distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the sediments of Poyang Lake, China

Researchers found microplastic contamination in sediments across Poyang Lake, China, with abundances ranging from 11 to 3,153 items per kilogram dry weight, and identified significant spatial variability linked to human activity and hydrological conditions.

2019 Water Science & Technology 102 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics contamination in Coban Kethak and its flow

Researchers identified and quantified microplastics in sediment and water from four sites in Coban Kethak waterway, Malang, Indonesia, representing different land use types including recreation, agriculture, and paddy fields. Microplastics—all under 3 µm—were found across all four sites in four shapes, with highest concentrations at the recreation site (84 particles/100g sediment, 68 particles/50L water).

2025 Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Article Tier 2

Analysis of Microplastics in Water and Biofilm Matrices in Metro River, East Java, Indonesia

Researchers detected microplastics in both water and biofilm matrices across three stations of the Metro River in East Java, Indonesia, with the industrial activity station showing the highest contamination, and fibers being the most common particle shape identified.

2022 The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Spatial distribution of microplastics in volcanic lake water and sediments: Relationships with depth and sediment grain size

Microplastics were mapped in both water and sediment across depth gradients in a volcanic lake, finding that plastic concentrations increased with depth in sediments and were related to sediment grain size. The study provides rare data on microplastic distribution in volcanic lake systems and highlights sediment accumulation as a long-term plastic sink.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 46 citations
Article Tier 2

The form and distribution of microplastic in sediment and water columns of Manado Bay, North Sulawesi

Microplastics were detected in both water and sediment samples from Manado Bay in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a variety of shapes including fragments, fibers, and pellets. The contamination reflected inputs from land-based plastic waste and coastal activities. The study documents the extent of microplastic pollution in an Indonesian coastal bay and highlights risks to local marine ecosystems.

2022 JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification of microplastics in water in the Sukolilo Coastal Area, Bangkalan Regency, East Java

Researchers sampling coastal waters in Bangkalan, East Java found microplastic concentrations averaging 4.32 particles per liter, with fiber, fragment, and film shapes present in a range of sizes and colors. These elevated levels in a coastal area highlight the ongoing contamination of Indonesian marine environments and the potential for microplastics to enter seafood consumed locally.

2023 Symposium of Biology Education (Symbion)
Article Tier 2

Analisis Keberadaan Mikroplastik Pada Air dan Sedimen Di Danau Limboto

Researchers investigated the type and abundance of microplastics in water and sediment samples from four stations in Lake Limboto, Indonesia, using binocular microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. They identified three morphological types -- fiber, film, and fragment -- and two polymer types, polyvinyl chloride and polyamide, with a total microplastic abundance of 940 particles per cubic meter in water samples.

2025 Jambura Journal of Chemistry
Article Tier 2

Investigation of Microplastic Contamination in Sediments, Water and Aquatic Biota in Lake Beratan, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province – Indonesia

This study detected microplastics in sediments, water, and aquatic organisms from Lake Beratan in Bali, Indonesia, finding contamination across all sample types in this tourist and agricultural area, with fiber and fragment morphologies dominant across a range of polymer types.

2023 Journal of Ecological Engineering 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Levels And Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics In Water And Sediment of A Typical Shallow Lake In Northern China

Scientists measured microplastic levels in the water and sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, a shallow lake in northern China. They found between 1,000 and 20,000 microplastic particles per cubic meter of water and up to 2,200 particles per kilogram of sediment. Despite pollution control efforts, microplastics remain widespread in this lake ecosystem.

2021 Research Square (Research Square)
Article Tier 2

Global microplastic contamination in freshwater lakes: Spatial patterns, environmental drivers, and methodological challenges

This review systematically analyzed 84 studies covering more than 300 lakes worldwide to assess global microplastic contamination in freshwater lake systems. Surface water MP concentrations ranged from below 0.001 to over 200 MP/L, with fibers and fragments dominating, polyethylene and polypropylene most common, and highest levels found in shallow, lowland, and eutrophic systems near urbanized shorelines.

2025 Environmental Research
Systematic Review Tier 1

Microplastics in sediment of Indonesia waters : A systematic review of occurrence, monitoring and potential environmental risks

This systematic review compiles research on microplastic pollution in Indonesian water sediments, finding widespread contamination across the country's rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. Since Indonesia is one of the world's largest archipelago nations, this plastic pollution threatens both marine ecosystems and the seafood that local communities depend on.

2023 DEPIK 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in Surface Waters and Sediments of Urban Lake

This book chapter reviews microplastic pollution in urban lake surface waters and sediments, describing sources, distribution patterns, and the ecological consequences of MP accumulation in these widely used but understudied freshwater habitats.

2025
Article Tier 2

Existence of Microplastics in Indonesia’s Surface Water: A Review

This review summarizes evidence of microplastic contamination in surface waters across Indonesia, finding widespread pollution in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. The study underscores the urgency of improved plastic waste management in a country with one of the world's largest contributions to ocean plastic pollution.

2021 International Journal of Integrated Engineering 5 citations