Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Carbon nanotubes production from real-world waste plastics and the pyrolysis behaviour

Researchers produced carbon nanotubes from real-world waste plastics through pyrolysis, characterizing the thermal decomposition behavior of mixed plastic waste and demonstrating a valuable upcycling pathway for plastic pollution.

2023 Waste Management 49 citations
Article Tier 2

Repurposing Face Masks after Use: From Wastes to Anode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries

Disposable face masks from the COVID-19 pandemic were repurposed as a carbon source for sodium-ion battery anodes through pyrolysis. Both surgical and FFP2 mask types produced hard carbons with electrochemical properties suitable for energy storage. This approach offers a sustainable path for handling pandemic-generated plastic waste by converting it into functional materials.

2022 Batteries 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Waste Surgical Masks as Precursors of Activated Carbon: A Circular Economy Approach to Mitigate the Impact of Microplastics and Emerging Dye Contaminants

Waste surgical masks were converted into activated carbon materials through pyrolysis, demonstrating a circular approach for handling the surge in disposable mask waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Repurposing mask waste as functional carbon avoids its fragmentation into microplastics in the environment.

2025 Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Waste-based nanoarchitectonics with face masks as valuable starting material for high-performance supercapacitors

Researchers carbonized and KOH-activated surgical face mask waste to create microporous carbon electrode materials with surface areas of 460-969 square meters per gram for use in supercapacitors. The approach converts a major COVID-19 waste stream that releases microplastic fibers during environmental degradation into a high-value energy storage material.

2022 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 45 citations
Article Tier 2

Upcycling discarded cellulosic surgical masks into catalytically active freestanding materials

Researchers developed a method to upcycle discarded cellulosic surgical masks into catalytically active freestanding materials, repurposing pandemic-generated plastic waste into functional industrial materials. The study demonstrated that the cellulosic fiber structure of surgical masks could be converted into usable catalytic substrates through chemical processing.

2022 Cellulose 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Carbon Nanotube prepared by catalytic pyrolysis as the electrode for supercapacitors from polypropylene wasted face masks

Researchers converted discarded polypropylene face masks into carbon nanotubes via catalytic pyrolysis using nickel-iron bimetallic catalysts, producing a bamboo-like nanotube structure with high specific capacitance (56 F/g) and excellent cycling stability that performed well as a supercapacitor electrode material.

2022 Ionics 53 citations
Article Tier 2

Waste Face Surgical Mask Transformation into Crude Oil and Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers

Researchers developed a novel valorization process to convert waste surgical face masks into crude oil via pyrolysis and nanostructured carbon electrocatalysts for use in fuel cells and electrolyzers, demonstrating a dual-value approach to managing the large volumes of pandemic-generated plastic medical waste.

2021 ChemSusChem 45 citations
Article Tier 2

PPE Waste-Derived Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Applications via Carbonization Techniques

This review explores how discarded personal protective equipment such as face masks, generated in enormous quantities since the COVID-19 pandemic, can be converted into useful carbon materials for energy storage through carbonization techniques. Repurposing this PPE waste into battery and supercapacitor components could help address both the plastic pollution problem and the growing demand for energy storage materials.

2025 C – Journal of Carbon Research 2 citations
Article Tier 2

From waste to energy: luminescent solar concentrators based on carbon dots derived from surgical facemasks

Researchers converted discarded surgical face masks into carbon dots and used them to fabricate luminescent solar concentrators, achieving a solar-to-energy conversion efficiency of 6.1% while diverting pandemic-era plastic waste from landfills.

2023 Materials Advances 10 citations
Article Tier 2

From Waste to Worth: Upcycling Plastic into High-Value Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

This study reviewed innovative methods for converting plastic waste into high-value carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene and carbon nanotubes. Researchers examined several techniques including pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, and flash joule heating, finding that thermal decomposition is currently the most scalable approach for industrial applications. The study suggests that turning plastic waste into advanced materials could help address pollution while also creating economically valuable products.

2024 Polymers 25 citations
Article Tier 2

COVID-19 disposable face masks: a precursor for synthesis of valuable bioproducts

Researchers proposed converting pandemic-era disposable face masks — made from thermoplastic polymers such as polypropylene — into valuable bioproducts through chemical or biological upcycling, framing mask waste management as both an environmental and secondary biosafety challenge requiring urgent circular-economy solutions.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Plastic Waste Using a Stainless-Steel CVD Reactor as Catalyst

Carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized from polypropylene plastic waste using a simple reactor, turning plastic waste into a high-value nanomaterial. This approach could provide an economically attractive way to deal with plastic waste while creating useful materials.

2017 Nanomaterials 63 citations
Article Tier 2

Upcycling Waste Plastics into Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites via NiCo2O4 Catalytic Pyrolysis

Researchers used catalytic pyrolysis — heating plastic waste with metal catalysts — to convert post-consumer plastics into carbon nanotube composites, a high-value industrial material. Bimetallic nickel-cobalt catalysts produced the best results. This approach could help valorize plastic waste while reducing the volumes that end up in the environment as microplastic pollution.

2021 Catalysts 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanotechnology-Enhanced Face Masks: Future Scopes and Perspectives

This review assessed nanotechnology-based approaches for creating reusable face masks, motivated by the massive single-use mask waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nano-enhanced masks with antimicrobial and self-cleaning properties were identified as a promising path toward reducing both environmental contamination and pathogen transmission.

2022 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic-derived substrate-grown carbon nanotubes as freestanding electrode for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media

Plastic waste was converted into carbon nanotubes via pyrolysis and used as a high-performance electrode for hydrogen production, demonstrating a circular economy pathway that transforms plastic pollution into a clean energy material.

2023
Article Tier 2

Study of Recycling Potential of FFP2 Face Masks and Characterization of the Plastic Mix-Material Obtained. A Way of Reducing Waste in Times of Covid-19

Researchers showed that FFP2 face masks can be mechanically recycled without pre-sorting their composite materials, producing a polymer blend with thermal and mechanical properties comparable to recycled polypropylene — offering a practical route to divert pandemic mask waste from the environment.

2021 Waste and Biomass Valorization 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Valorization of Face Masks Produced during COVID-19 Pandemic through Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC): A Preliminary Study

Researchers conducted a preliminary study of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 220 degrees C as a method for valorizing disposable surgical face masks generated during the COVID-19 pandemic, characterizing the resulting hydrochar via TGA, SEM, FTIR, and nitrogen physisorption and finding that masks melted and formed composite carbonaceous materials.

2023 Sustainability 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Review of the valorization options for the proper disposal of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic

Researchers reviewed waste management options for the surge in discarded polypropylene face masks during COVID-19, finding that improper disposal contributes directly to microplastic pollution, and proposing valorization strategies — including energy recovery and material upcycling — tailored to country-level infrastructure and emergency conditions.

2021 Environmental Technology & Innovation 68 citations
Article Tier 2

Disposal and resource utilization of waste masks: a review

Researchers reviewed current methods for disposing of and repurposing waste face masks — including mechanical recycling, catalytic pyrolysis for hydrogen production, and solvent-based dissolution — identifying solvent-based approaches as especially promising for converting mask polypropylene into multifunctional materials.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Waste Management towards Energy Recovery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Example of Protective Face Mask Pyrolysis

Researchers analyzed the elemental composition and pyrolysis behavior of COVID-19 protective face masks, finding that pyrolysis at 400-900 degrees Celsius could effectively recover energy from pandemic-related plastic waste that overwhelmed conventional waste management systems.

2022 Energies 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Charting a path to catalytic upcycling of plastic micro/nano fiber pollution from textiles to produce carbon nanomaterials and turquoise hydrogen

Researchers demonstrated proof-of-concept for catalytic upcycling of polyester and cotton textile-derived microfibers into structured solid carbon products, using a defined fiber feedstock to establish a pathway for converting fiber pollution into value-added carbon materials.

2023 RSC Sustainability 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Mechanical Recycling of Disposable Protective Masks

Disposable face masks — a major source of pandemic-era plastic waste — were mechanically recycled through extrusion to assess whether their polypropylene layers retain useful material properties. The study found that mechanical recycling had only minor effects on thermal properties, suggesting masks could be diverted from landfill and reprocessed into raw material, reducing the chance that mask fibers fragment into environmental microplastics.

2024 Kemija u industriji 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Preparation of high quality carbon nanotubes by catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using FeNi-based catalyst

Researchers developed a method to produce high-quality carbon nanotubes from waste polyethylene plastics using iron-nickel catalysts. The study found that varying the catalyst composition affected nanotube quality and yield, demonstrating a promising approach for converting plastic waste into valuable nanomaterials rather than allowing it to persist as pollution.

2024 Waste Management 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Waste-Derived Carbon Dots: Insights of Recycling Valuable Materials Towards Environmental Sustainability

Researchers review how waste plastics, including single-use items that surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, can be converted into carbon dots — tiny light-emitting nanoparticles under 10 nanometers — with useful applications in sensing, imaging, and catalysis. This recycling approach offers an environmentally sustainable way to transform a persistent pollution problem into valuable high-tech materials.

2023 Current Pollution Reports 61 citations