Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Biodegradable mulch films exhibit slower-than-expected degradation with negligible effects on soil microbial communities

Researchers ran a year-long field trial with seven biodegradable plastic mulch films in the UK, finding that none fragmented into soil microplastics as expected and all degraded far more slowly than current industry standards suggest they should. Despite virtually no measurable impact on soil microbial communities, the results challenge the assumption that biodegradable plastics reliably break down under real farming conditions.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation in Soil of Commercial Plastic Bags Labelled as “Biodegradable”

Researchers tested five commercially sold 'biodegradable' plastic bags in soil burial and UV weathering experiments, finding that polyester-based bags degraded more readily than polyolefin-based ones, which showed minimal actual biodegradation under realistic environmental conditions.

2023 Materials Research 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Are mulch biofilms used in agriculture an environmentally friendly solution? - An insight into their biodegradability and ecotoxicity using key organisms in soil ecosystems

Researchers assessed the biodegradation and ecotoxicity of a commercial biodegradable mulch biofilm in soil systems. The study found that while marketed as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional plastic mulch, biodegradable films did not fully degrade under natural soil conditions as certification standards would predict. The results suggest that more rigorous testing under realistic field conditions is needed before assuming these products are safe for soil ecosystems.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 53 citations
Article Tier 2

In situ degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch in Nordic agricultural soils

Nordic field studies tracked the in situ degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch films under cold, wet, low-UV conditions, finding that degradation was far slower than under the warm conditions where biodegradable plastics perform as designed, raising concerns about persistence in northern agricultural soils.

2025 Chemosphere 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of compost, cover crops, and local conditions on degradation of two agricultural mulches in soil

This field study examined how quickly biodegradable plastic mulches degrade in agricultural soil under different organic management practices including compost application and cover crops. Compost and biological soil amendment accelerated degradation in some conditions. Faster degradation of biodegradable mulches would reduce the accumulation of microplastic fragments in farmland soil.

2021 Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Field test on the biodegradation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) based mulch films in soil

Researchers buried four types of supposedly biodegradable plastic mulch films — used in farming to suppress weeds — in agricultural soil for over two years and found that all four still left behind microplastic fragments. This shows that even biodegradable plastics can accumulate in soil if used repeatedly each growing season.

2020 Polymer Testing 66 citations
Article Tier 2

On the quest for novel bio-degradable plastics for agricultural field mulching

This review examined the challenge of developing biodegradable plastic mulch materials suitable for agricultural use, noting that plasticulture consumes about 6.7 million tons of plastic annually, most of which cannot be practically recycled. The authors assessed candidate biodegradable polymers based on their degradation rates in soil, mechanical performance, and cost.

2022 Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Dynamics of macroplastics and microplastics formed by biodegradable mulch film in an agricultural field

Researchers tracked the breakdown of biodegradable mulch film in agricultural fields over four years and found that while the material fragmented into smaller pieces, complete degradation did not occur. Both macro- and microplastic fragments from the biodegradable film persisted in the soil throughout the study period. The findings suggest that biodegradable mulch films, promoted as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional plastic, may still contribute to microplastic accumulation in farmland.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Performance and Degradation of Nonwoven Mulches Made of Natural Fibres and PLA Polymer—Open Field Study

Researchers tested biodegradable nonwoven mulches made from jute, hemp, viscose, and PLA biopolymer as alternatives to conventional plastic mulches in a 300-day field study. The study found varying rates of degradation depending on material composition and assessed their effectiveness for weed suppression, soil temperature regulation, and moisture retention compared to traditional plastic films.

2023 Polymers 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradable plastics in the air and soil environment: Low degradation rate and high microplastics formation

Researchers compared the degradation rates of various biodegradable plastic types in natural air and soil environments over time, finding that most degraded slowly under ambient conditions and generated substantial microplastic fragments, with non-certified biodegradable plastics showing essentially no degradation.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 232 citations
Article Tier 2

Review on the Biological Degradation of Polymers in Various Environments

This review provides an overview of how biodegradable plastics degrade under different environmental conditions including soil, freshwater, marine, and composting environments. It finds that biodegradability is a material property strongly dependent on environmental conditions, and that many so-called biodegradable plastics degrade far more slowly in nature than in controlled test conditions.

2020 Materials 196 citations
Article Tier 2

Kinetics of microplastic generation from different types of mulch films in agricultural soil

Researchers investigated the kinetics of microplastic generation from different mulch films in agricultural soil, finding that weathering rates and microplastic formation patterns varied significantly between oxodegradable, biodegradable, and conventional plastic films.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 221 citations
Article Tier 2

It is still too early to promote biodegradable mulch film on a large scale: A bibliometric analysis

Researchers conducted a bibliometric analysis of studies on biodegradable mulch film as an alternative to conventional plastic mulch in agriculture. The study found that despite growing research interest, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding biodegradation rates in real field conditions and potential ecotoxicity of degradation byproducts. The analysis suggests it is premature to promote large-scale adoption of biodegradable mulch film without further evidence of its environmental safety.

2022 Environmental Technology & Innovation 54 citations
Article Tier 2

Disintegration and mineralization of mulch films and leaf litter in soil

This field study tracked the physical disintegration of biodegradable mulch films in agricultural soil over time, monitoring how the films fragment and whether they fully disappear. Understanding the fragmentation and fate of agricultural plastic films in soil is important because these films are a significant source of microplastic contamination of farmland.

2020 Polymer Degradation and Stability 37 citations
Article Tier 2

The Succession of Bacterial Community Attached on Biodegradable Plastic Mulches During the Degradation in Soil

Researchers studied how bacterial communities colonize and change over time on biodegradable plastic mulches buried in soil for five months. The study found that plastic composition and incubation time significantly shaped microbial communities, and notably, potential pathogens were detected at higher levels on biodegradable plastics compared to conventional polyethylene mulch.

2021 Frontiers in Microbiology 59 citations
Article Tier 2

A Comprehensive Review of Polyethylene and Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films: Impacts on Soil Health and Plant Growth

This comprehensive review compares polyethylene and biodegradable plastic mulch films used in agriculture, examining their effects on soil properties, microplastic accumulation, plant growth, and the actual biodegradation performance of certified biodegradable alternatives under field conditions.

2025 International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Article Tier 2

Investigating aquatic biodegradation and changes in the properties of pristine and UV-irradiated microplastics from conventional and biodegradable agricultural plastics

Researchers compared the biodegradation of conventional and biodegradable agricultural plastic mulching films in aquatic environments, testing both pristine and UV-weathered samples. The study found that while biodegradable plastics break down well under controlled composting conditions, their degradation in non-target environments like water bodies is considerably less predictable.

2025 Environmental Pollution 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigating the Degradation of Biodegradable Mulch Films in Agricultural Soil: A Molecular Approach

Researchers investigated the field degradation of biodegradable mulch films composed of starch and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) over 16 months under Mediterranean climate conditions, using molecular methods to characterize how pristine and UV-aged films break down in agricultural soil.

2025 CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)
Article Tier 2

Un-biodegradable and biodegradable plastic sheets modify the soil properties after six months since their applications

Researchers found that both biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastic mulch sheets altered soil properties over six months, with exposure duration having a greater impact than plastic type on soil respiration, enzyme activity, and phytotoxicity.

2022 Environmental Pollution 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of Biodegradable Single-use Plates and Waste Bags in Terrestrial and Marine Environments

Field experiments found that biodegradable single-use plates and waste bags degraded at very different rates depending on material and environment, with some lasting far longer than expected. Products labeled as biodegradable may still persist and fragment into microplastics in natural marine and terrestrial conditions.

2021 WIT transactions on ecology and the environment 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films: Impacts on Soil Microbial Communities and Ecosystem Functions

This review examines how biodegradable plastic mulch films affect soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions compared to conventional polyethylene mulches. Researchers found that while biodegradable films avoid the problem of permanent plastic accumulation, their breakdown products can still alter soil microbiomes and carbon cycling in ways that are not yet fully understood. The study highlights the need for long-term field research to determine whether biodegradable mulches are truly a sustainable alternative for agriculture.

2018 Frontiers in Microbiology 453 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment of Four Artificial Methods for Aging Plastic Mulch Films According to Efficiency, Rate, and Similarity to Natural Field-Aged Plastics

Researchers compared four laboratory methods for artificially aging plastic mulch films — thin sheets used in agriculture that break into microplastics — to determine which best mimics how the films degrade naturally in farm fields. Identifying faster, more accurate aging tests helps scientists predict how quickly agricultural plastics will fragment and enter the soil.

2025 Journal of Polymers and the Environment 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Disintegration of commercial biodegradable plastic products under simulated industrial composting conditions

Researchers tested ten commercial biodegradable plastic products under simulated industrial composting conditions to see how well they actually break down. While some products disintegrated significantly, others showed incomplete breakdown, and the process generated microplastic fragments during degradation. This raises questions about whether biodegradable plastics truly solve the plastic pollution problem or simply create smaller plastic particles.

2025 Scientific Reports 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental impact of biodegradable and non-biodegradable agricultural mulch film: A case study for Nordic conditions

This life cycle assessment compared the environmental impacts of biodegradable and non-biodegradable agricultural mulch films under Nordic growing conditions. Researchers found that biodegradable mulch films are not necessarily more environmentally friendly overall, as their production and degradation characteristics can offset potential benefits depending on the specific impact categories considered.

2023 The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 34 citations