Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Effects of excretion of different sizes of orally ingested microplastics in rats

Researchers developed a method to analyze microplastics in rat feces to evaluate how particle size affects excretion after oral ingestion, incorporating an enzymatic digestion step that achieved recovery rates above 80%. They found that smaller microplastics (30-50 µm) had significantly lower fecal excretion rates compared to larger particles (200 µm), suggesting size-dependent retention or translocation in the gut.

2025 Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Article Tier 2

An efficient method for extracting microplastics from feces of different species

A novel method using Fenton's reagent followed by nitric acid digestion was developed to extract microplastics from feces of humans and chickens, achieving 97.78% recovery with no polymer degradation. The protocol addresses a key gap in human and animal exposure assessment by enabling reliable quantification of ingested microplastics from fecal samples.

2019 Journal of Hazardous Materials 137 citations
Article Tier 2

Comprehensive assessment of various digestion protocols for extraction microplastics from organic-rich environmental matrices

Researchers tested 27 different chemical protocols for extracting microplastics from organic-rich samples like animal tissue, plants, soil, and sewage sludge. They identified the best digestion method for each sample type that removes organic matter while preserving the integrity of 26 different plastic types. The optimized protocols achieved recovery rates above 98%, offering a standardized approach for more accurate microplastic analysis across different environmental samples.

2025 Water Research 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhanced extraction of microplastics from terrestrial animal intestinal tissues via optimized fenton oxidation

Researchers developed and optimized a protocol for extracting microplastics from intestinal tissues of terrestrial animals, comparing enzymatic digestion and density separation approaches to maximize recovery efficiency and minimize tissue interference.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials
Article Tier 2

Comparison of three digestion methods for microplastic extraction from aquaculture feeds

Researchers compared three digestion methods for extracting microplastics from aquaculture feed samples, evaluating their effectiveness and impact on plastic particle integrity. The study found that the choice of digestion protocol significantly affects microplastic recovery rates, highlighting the importance of method standardization for reliable contamination assessments in aquaculture products.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of Standardized Methods to Extract and Digest Microplastics in Environmental Samples

Researchers tested 72 combinations of chemical extraction and digestion methods to find approaches that accurately recover microplastics from environmental samples without damaging them. They found that different density separation solutions and digestion reagents can significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of certain plastic types, particularly PET and polystyrene. The study provides practical guidance for selecting methods that preserve microplastic integrity during laboratory analysis.

2025 Analytical Chemistry 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Protocol for extraction and analysis of microplastics in freshwater, sediment, and fish samples

Researchers developed a standardized protocol for extracting and identifying microplastics from freshwater, sediment, and fish digestive system samples, combining chemical digestion, density separation, vacuum filtration, and Raman spectroscopy to enable reliable, reproducible analysis across aquatic sample types.

2025 STAR Protocols 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods for separating and extracting microplastics from food systems

This review examines methods for separating and extracting microplastics from food systems, addressing the challenge that inadequate collection and analysis methods have hindered accurate assessment of microplastic contamination in the food supply. The authors evaluate digestion, filtration, and spectroscopic identification protocols and identify best practices for standardizing microplastic analysis in diverse food matrices.

2024 Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL PROTOCOL FOR THE EXTRACTION OF SMALL MICROPLASTICS (1-5 µm) FROM BIOLOGICAL TISSUES

Researchers developed a novel extraction protocol to isolate and quantify small microplastics (1–5 µm) from biological tissues, addressing a major gap in marine contamination studies. The method improves detection of these hard-to-analyze particles, which are more likely to penetrate cells and accumulate in organisms.

2025 Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale
Article Tier 2

Isolation of microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms

Researchers developed and tested methods for extracting microplastics from seawater samples rich in biological material and from the tissues of marine organisms. They found that enzymatic digestion was the most effective and least destructive approach for isolating microplastics from biological samples, outperforming acid and alkaline treatments. The study provides improved laboratory protocols that will help scientists more accurately measure microplastic contamination in marine environments and wildlife.

2014 Scientific Reports 1035 citations
Article Tier 2

Set up and validation of a method to analyse microplastics in stool and small intestine samples

Researchers developed and validated practical methods for extracting and identifying microplastics from human stool samples and pig intestinal tissue. Using gentle chemical and enzyme-based digestion followed by infrared spectroscopy, they successfully detected multiple polymer types including polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, providing tools for studying microplastic exposure in the human digestive system.

2024 MethodsX 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Optimization of an Analytical Protocol for the Extraction of Microplastics from Seafood Samples with Different Levels of Fat

Researchers optimized an analytical protocol for extracting microplastics from seafood samples with varying fat content, addressing a key methodological challenge in accurately quantifying microplastic contamination in marine food sources given the ubiquitous presence of plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in marine environments.

2022 2 citations
Article Tier 2

A simple, rapid and accurate method for the sample preparation and quantification of meso- and microplastics in food and food waste streams

Researchers developed a simple, rapid, and accurate method for preparing and quantifying meso- and microplastics in food and food waste streams, enabling reliable assessment of plastic contamination in biomass used for energy recovery.

2022 Environmental Pollution 31 citations
Article Tier 2

A rapid method for extracting microplastics from oily food samples

Researchers developed a rapid method for extracting microplastics from oily food samples, addressing a key challenge for detecting plastic contamination in foods like fish that contain high fat content. Standardized extraction methods for oily food matrices are needed to accurately assess dietary microplastic exposure.

2022 Analytical Methods 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Sample Preparation Protocol for the Extraction and Raman analysis of Small Microplastics in Infant Milk Formula

Researchers published a standard operating procedure for extracting microplastics from infant milk formula using optimized chemical digestion steps to remove proteins, fats, and carbohydrates while preserving microplastic integrity for subsequent µ-Raman spectroscopy identification.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Extraction of biodegradable microplastics from tissues of aquatic organisms

Researchers developed and validated a method for extracting biodegradable microplastics from tissues of aquatic organisms, finding that standard extraction protocols used for conventional plastics are insufficient and that enzymatic digestion combined with density separation is needed to recover these materials accurately.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Validation of an extraction method for microplastics from human materials

Researchers validated an extraction method for isolating microplastics from human and animal tissues, confirming that the procedure does not cause significant alteration to the plastic particles themselves.

2019 Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Development and Validation of an Efficient Method for Processing Microplastics in Biota Samples

A new one-step laboratory method was developed to efficiently digest and extract microplastics from mussel and fish tissue samples. Standardized extraction methods are critical for making microplastic studies comparable across different labs and species.

2019 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Critical review on microplastics in fecal matter: Research progress, analytical methods and future outlook

This critical review synthesizes methods and findings from microplastic research in fecal matter across diverse organisms, highlighting the need for standardized analytical methods to enable comparisons of microplastic passage and excretion rates.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 84 citations
Article Tier 2

Extracting and characterizing microplastics and nanoplastics from environmental samples

Researchers developed a standardized four-step extraction method for isolating and characterizing microplastics and nanoplastics from diverse environmental samples, encompassing predigestion, density separation, postdigestion, and postdensity separation steps to improve cross-study comparability.

2025 Nature Protocols 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics extraction from wastewater treatment plants: Two-step digestion pre-treatment and application

Researchers developed an optimized two-step digestion method for extracting microplastics from wastewater treatment plant samples, achieving high recovery rates especially in organic-rich matrices like sludge, and applied it across multiple treatment stages.

2023 Water Research 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Extraction and detection methods of microplastics in food and marine systems: A critical review

This critical review evaluates the various methods used to extract and detect microplastics in food and marine samples, from sample preparation to analytical identification. Researchers found significant inconsistencies across studies in how microplastics are separated, quantified, and characterized, making it difficult to compare results. The study calls for standardized protocols to enable more reliable assessments of microplastic contamination in food and the environment.

2021 Chemosphere 164 citations
Article Tier 2

Development and application of a novel extraction protocol for the monitoring of microplastic contamination in widely consumed ruminant feeds

Researchers developed the first specialized method for detecting microplastics in cattle feed, including corn silage, hay, and mixed rations. They found that 50-60% of foreign objects in slaughtered cattle are plastic-based, and microplastics have been detected in ruminant tissues and feces. Since contaminated feed is a likely source, this detection method is important for understanding how microplastics enter the meat supply chain and potentially reach human consumers.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples

Researchers developed an enzymatic purification protocol to remove biological material from environmental samples before microplastic analysis, finding it improved the accuracy and reliability of microplastic identification and quantification.

2017 Environmental Science & Technology 506 citations