Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Antibacterial/Antiviral Face Masks: Processing, Characteristics, Challenges, and Sustainability

This review examines the development of antibacterial and antiviral face masks — including the materials, processing methods, and antimicrobial agents used — and discusses sustainability challenges associated with mask disposal. It is tangentially relevant to microplastics because single-use masks are now recognized as a significant emerging source of microplastic and nanoparticle pollution when they fragment in the environment, though this paper focuses primarily on mask performance and design rather than their pollution impact.

2023 MIST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanotechnology-Enhanced Face Masks: Future Scopes and Perspectives

This review assessed nanotechnology-based approaches for creating reusable face masks, motivated by the massive single-use mask waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nano-enhanced masks with antimicrobial and self-cleaning properties were identified as a promising path toward reducing both environmental contamination and pathogen transmission.

2022 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Efficacy Evaluation of Cu- and Ag-Based Antibacterial Treatments on Polypropylene Fabric and Comparison with Commercial Products

Researchers evaluated copper- and silver-based antibacterial treatments on polypropylene fabric for reusable filter masks, comparing their efficacy against commercial products to address the environmental burden of disposable face masks.

2023 Coatings 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Protein‐Based Face Mask with High SARS‐CoV‐2 Neutralization Ability and Breathability

This paper describes the development of a protein-based face mask designed to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by capturing spike proteins. It is not about microplastics and is not relevant to microplastic research.

2023 Advanced Materials Technologies 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Functional Fiber Membranes with Antibacterial Properties for Face Masks

Researchers developed fiber-based membranes with built-in antibacterial properties for use in face masks, aiming to create filtration materials that can both block particles and actively kill pathogens to improve mask performance and safety.

2023 Advanced Fiber Materials 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Upcycling discarded cellulosic surgical masks into catalytically active freestanding materials

Researchers developed a method to upcycle discarded cellulosic surgical masks into catalytically active freestanding materials, repurposing pandemic-generated plastic waste into functional industrial materials. The study demonstrated that the cellulosic fiber structure of surgical masks could be converted into usable catalytic substrates through chemical processing.

2022 Cellulose 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Facemask Global Challenges: The Case of Effective Synthesis, Utilization, and Environmental Sustainability

This review examines the environmental challenges of surging face mask production during COVID-19, including their role as sources of microplastic pollution in water, and discusses sustainable alternatives including nanomaterial-based self-cleaning mask designs.

2022 Sustainability 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioinspired single-atom nanozymes for microplastic degradation

Researchers designed copper single-atom nanozymes inspired by natural laccase enzymes and tested their ability to degrade microplastics. The bioinspired catalysts mineralized more than 90% of microplastic material into non-toxic products. The study presents a promising new strategy for addressing microplastic pollution using engineered nanoscale catalysts.

2025 Chemical Communications 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Antiviral/antibacterial biodegradable cellulose nonwovens as environmentally friendly and bioprotective materials with potential to minimize microplastic pollution

Biodegradable cellulose nonwoven materials incorporating antiviral and antibacterial agents were developed as a sustainable alternative to polypropylene face masks, demonstrating comparable filtration performance with significantly faster environmental degradation, reducing the microplastic pollution burden of disposable PPE.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 76 citations
Article Tier 2

Nano-copper ions assembled cellulose-based composite with antibacterial activity for biodegradable personal protective mask

Researchers developed an antibacterial face mask using cotton fabric modified with nano-copper ions via electrostatic adsorption, achieving 96% particle filtration efficiency, 100% antibacterial activity, and sustained antiviral performance after 50 wash cycles, offering a biodegradable alternative to single-use synthetic masks.

2023 Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanotechnology-enabled face masks: Balancing protection and pollution in aquatic environments

This review examined the dual role of nanotechnology-enhanced face masks in providing antimicrobial protection while also releasing micro- and nanoplastics into aquatic environments when improperly disposed. The authors call for better mask design standards and disposal strategies to balance protective benefits against environmental pollution.

2025 Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution
Article Tier 2

Identification of Microplastics and Non-Microplastics Released from Masks under Environmental Conditions

Researchers found that single-use surgical masks worn during the COVID-19 pandemic release microplastics under environmental stress, with UV exposure generating the most particles (approximately 120 items per mask), followed by mechanical abrasion and high-temperature exposure.

2023 E3S Web of Conferences
Article Tier 2

Uncovering the Release of Micro/nanoplastics from Disposable Face Masks at Times of COVID-19

Researchers found that disposable face masks release significant amounts of micro- and nanoplastic particles when subjected to water exposure and mechanical stress similar to environmental conditions. This confirms that the massive use of masks during COVID-19 introduced new sources of microplastic pollution into the environment.

2021
Article Tier 2

Photocatalytic Generation of Singlet Oxygen by Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Antibacterial Applications

This study developed graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts for generating singlet oxygen as an antimicrobial agent, evaluating their effectiveness against pathogens in water treatment and assessing potential for co-degradation of microplastics.

2024 Materials 6 citations
Article Tier 2

The Bad Side of Face Masks and How Bacteria Can Help

This review examines how single-use face masks contributed to environmental microplastic pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores how bacteria and other microorganisms might be harnessed to biodegrade mask-derived microplastics in wastewater treatment systems.

2025 Frontiers for Young Minds
Article Tier 2

Smart Mask Disinfection System (SMDS)

This paper describes the Smart Mask Disinfection System (SMDS) developed in response to increased COVID-19 face mask waste, which poses environmental hazards as discarded masks break down into microplastics in waterways. The system aims to disinfect and extend the usable life of masks, reducing both pathogen transmission risk from discarded masks and the microplastic pollution generated by single-use mask disposal.

2024
Article Tier 2

Development of reusable cloth mask with nanoparticle filtration efficiency greater than 95%

Researchers developed a reusable cloth mask with nanoparticle filtration efficiency greater than 95%, motivated by the environmental concerns of single-use surgical and respirator masks that shed microplastic fibers, evaluating the novel mask material's filtration performance against respiratory droplets and particulates.

2022 Aerosol Science and Technology
Article Tier 2

Needleless electrospun phytochemicals encapsulated nanofibre based 3-ply biodegradable mask for combating COVID-19 pandemic

Researchers developed a three-layer biodegradable face mask combining cotton outer layers with a polylactic acid nanofibrous filtration layer infused with plant-derived antimicrobials, achieving 97.9% bacterial filtration efficiency and demonstrating biodegradation in a microbial slurry — offering a potential eco-friendly alternative to single-use synthetic masks.

2021 Chemical Engineering Journal 113 citations
Article Tier 2

Aerosol capture and coronavirus spike protein deactivation by enzyme functionalized antiviral membranes

Researchers developed nanostructured membranes coated with an enzyme that breaks down the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2, achieving over 98.9% filtration of coronavirus-sized particles and deactivating viral proteins within 30 seconds — outperforming N95 standards while offering both physical filtering and active antiviral action.

2022 Communications Materials 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Magnetic Peroxidase Nanozyme Gears Up for Microplastic Removal and Deconstruction

Researchers developed a magnetic peroxidase nanozyme capable of removing and deconstructing microplastics, offering a novel enzymatic approach that overcomes limitations of conventional plastic waste handling methods like landfilling and incineration.

2023 Chemistry - Methods 7 citations