Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Conceptual framework for exploring riverine macroplastic fragmentation

This paper presents a conceptual framework for studying how macroplastic debris fragments into smaller particles in rivers, identifying key physical and chemical processes and calling for field-based fragmentation rate data to improve plastic pollution models.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Macroplastic fragmentation in rivers

This paper presents a framework for understanding how larger plastic waste in rivers breaks down into microplastics and nanoplastics over time. The researchers identified key factors that control fragmentation, including the type of plastic, its shape, and river conditions like sunlight exposure and water flow. Understanding this process is important because rivers are a major pathway for microplastics to spread through the environment and eventually reach drinking water sources.

2023 Environment International 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Controls on microplastic breakdown due to abrasion in gravel bed rivers

Researchers investigated the physical controls on microplastic fragmentation due to mechanical abrasion in gravel-bed rivers, examining how particle size, morphology, polymer type, and weathering state influence breakdown rates and the resulting changes in surface properties that alter risk profiles during fluvial transport.

2024
Article Tier 2

Experimental method for quantifying macroplastic fragmentation in rivers

Researchers proposed and tested an experimental methodology for quantifying macroplastic fragmentation during river transport by conducting repeated mass measurements of tagged plastic items before and after riverine transport over 52-65 days. They found measurable mass loss from fragmentation, providing the first direct field quantification of riverine macroplastic fragmentation rates and supporting the hypothesis that river channels are hotspots for plastic breakdown.

2024 Research Square (Research Square)
Article Tier 2

First attempt to measure macroplastic fragmentation in rivers

Researchers developed the first method to directly measure how large plastic debris fragments into microplastics while traveling through rivers. They found that river transport causes significant breakdown of plastic waste into smaller pieces, confirming that rivers are major producers of secondary microplastics. This is important for understanding where microplastics come from, since rivers eventually carry these particles to oceans and drinking water sources.

2024 Environment International 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Insights into the in-situ degradation and fragmentation of macroplastics in a low-order riverine system

Researchers studied the in-situ degradation and fragmentation of larger plastic debris into microplastics within a low-order stream system. The study found that these small, often overlooked waterways are active sites where plastic materials break down, serving as important conduits for microplastic generation and transport to downstream coastal environments.

2025 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Experimental method for quantifying macroplastic fragmentation in rivers

Researchers developed an experimental methodology to quantify macroplastic fragmentation during river transport by repeatedly measuring the mass of tagged plastic items before and after transit. A 52-65 day field test of the method yielded the first quantitative measurements of fragmentation rates for 1-litre plastic bottles transported through a river channel.

2024
Article Tier 2

Transport processes of microplastic particles in the fluvial environment : erosion, transport and deposition

This thesis examines how microplastics are eroded, transported, and deposited in river systems, tracing their movement from land sources to the ocean. The research fills an important gap in understanding how rivers act as conduits for microplastic pollution and what processes determine where plastic particles accumulate in freshwater environments.

2020 RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of sediment size on microplastic fragmentation

Researchers examined how sediment grain size influences the physical fragmentation of microplastics in river environments, where the mechanical controls on microplastic storage, remobilization, and transfer pathways remain poorly understood. The study found that sediment size plays a meaningful role in breaking down plastic particles, contributing to the generation of smaller microplastic fragments in fluvial systems.

2025
Article Tier 2

A critical review of environmental factors influencing the transport dynamics of microplastics in riverine systems: implications for ecological studies

This review examines how environmental factors like river flow, channel shape, vegetation, and sediment influence where microplastics accumulate and how they travel through river systems. The authors found that microplastic transport is far more complex than previously assumed, with particles behaving differently based on their size, shape, and density. Understanding these dynamics is essential for predicting where microplastics end up and designing effective cleanup strategies.

2023 Aquatic Ecology 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Macroplastic Storage and Remobilization in Rivers

This paper presents a conceptual model of how large plastic debris moves through river systems — entering, traveling, being stored in riverbanks, and being remobilized — to help estimate how much plastic ultimately reaches the ocean. Understanding these dynamics is key to improving global plastic pollution budgets.

2020 Preprints.org 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic debris in rivers

This review synthesizes current knowledge on plastic debris in rivers, covering sources, transport mechanisms, ecological impacts, and the role of rivers in delivering plastic to the oceans. The authors highlight key knowledge gaps and emphasize that riverine ecosystems are directly harmed by plastic pollution, not merely transit corridors.

2019 Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water 467 citations
Article Tier 2

River plastic during floods: Amplified mobilization, limited river-scale dispersion

Researchers investigated plastic mobilization, transport, and retention dynamics in rivers during flood conditions, finding that high-discharge flood events amplify plastic mobilization from riverbanks and floodplains but that river-scale dispersal of that plastic remains surprisingly limited. They found that most flood-mobilized plastic is re-deposited within the river catchment rather than exported to the ocean, reinforcing the concept that rivers act as both conduits and long-term reservoirs of plastic pollution.

2022 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Coupling fragmentation to a size-selective sedimentation model can quantify the long-term fate of buoyant plastics in the ocean

A size-selective sedimentation model was coupled with fragmentation dynamics to simulate how large plastic items break down and settle in aquatic environments over time. The coupled model advances predictions of microplastic size distributions and spatial accumulation patterns in rivers and oceans.

2025 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Fate of nano- and microplastic in freshwater systems: A modeling study

Researchers modeled the transport and fate of plastic particles ranging from 100 nm to 10 mm in a river system, finding that mid-sized particles around 5 microns are retained least efficiently (only 18–25%), while both smaller nanoplastics and larger microplastics preferentially settle — with particle size having a far greater influence on river retention than polymer density or biofilm formation.

2016 Environmental Pollution 856 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in river water: occurrence, weathering, and adsorption behaviour

Researchers examined microplastics in river water, characterizing their occurrence, degree of weathering, and capacity to adsorb co-contaminants. The study highlights microplastics as vectors that can transport and re-release other pollutants in freshwater systems.

2025 Environmental Science Water Research & Technology
Article Tier 2

Modelling the Fate of Microplastics in river bed sediments.

Researchers modeled microplastic transport, deposition, and burial in river bed sediments under varying hydrological conditions. River bed sediments were found to act as long-term reservoirs for microplastics, with periodic high-flow events temporarily resuspending and redistributing particles.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

From pollution to solutions: Insights into the sources, transport and management of plastic debris in pristine and urban rivers

This review examines how river systems receive and transport plastic debris -- including both macroplastics and microplastics -- from land sources to the ocean, synthesizing evidence on pollution sources, fate, and management strategies across pristine and urban rivers.

2023 Environmental Research 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Macroplastic Storage and Remobilization in Rivers

Researchers developed a conceptual model of macroplastic debris transport through fluvial systems, dividing the pathway into input, transport, storage, remobilization, and output phases and hypothesizing that natural channel dynamics control whether river systems act as net sources or sinks of plastic pollution.

2020 Preprints.org 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Source- and polymer-specific size distributions of fine microplastics in surface water in an urban river

Researchers investigated size distributions of fine microplastics from different sources in an urban river, finding that weathering and fragmentation produce a range of particle sizes and that source-specific size signatures can help trace microplastic origins.

2021 Environmental Pollution 77 citations
Article Tier 2

On modeling the fate of microplastics along river networks

Researchers developed and applied a modeling framework to simulate the fate and transport of microplastics along river network systems, treating rivers as key conduits transferring land-based microplastic pollution to marine environments. The model accounted for particle ingestion risks to aquatic organisms and evaluated the long-term persistence and transport dynamics of microplastics across freshwater networks.

2022
Article Tier 2

River plastic transport and storage budget.

This global synthesis estimated the plastic transport and storage budget for rivers by measuring plastic in the water surface, water column, riverbanks, and floodplains — finding that far more plastic is stored within rivers than is transported to the ocean. The study challenges the assumption that rivers are primarily conduits and highlights them as major long-term plastic reservoirs.

2024 Water research
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments with special emphasis on riverine systems: Current understanding and way forward

This review examines microplastic pollution in freshwater riverine systems, which serve as a critical link between terrestrial and marine environments. Researchers found that rivers are significantly contaminated with microplastics of varying sizes and morphologies, and that these particles can exhibit variable toxicity to aquatic organisms, highlighting the need for more research on freshwater microplastic impacts.

2021 Journal of Environmental Management 83 citations
Article Tier 2

The Duration of Dry Events Promotes PVC Film Fragmentation in Intermittent Rivers

Researchers investigated how river drying events and UV exposure affect the fragmentation of PVC films, relevant to understanding microplastic generation in intermittent rivers. They found that longer drying periods significantly increased the number of microplastic fragments produced during subsequent mechanical abrasion. The study suggests that climate-driven increases in river drying could accelerate the breakdown of plastic debris into microplastics in freshwater environments.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology 10 citations