Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Spanish bottled water

Researchers analyzed 22 bottled water samples sold in Spain -- packaged in plastic, glass, and cans -- by filtering entire bottle volumes and characterizing particles via micro-FTIR, finding microplastic concentrations of 0-27 particles/L (median 6.67 particles/L) with cellulosic fibers, polyamide, and PET as the dominant polymer types.

2022 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Analisis Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Di Kota Padang

Researchers analyzed microplastics in 30 bottled water samples from three brands in Padang, Indonesia, finding contamination in all samples at concentrations of 5-11 particles per liter. Fragment morphotypes dominated, followed by fibers and pellets, and significant differences in microplastic abundance were found between brands, raising consumer safety concerns in the Indonesian context.

2024 METANA
Article Tier 2

Study of Analysis Method on Microplastic Identification in Bottled Drinking Water

This study tested two methods for identifying microplastics in bottled drinking water using FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Microplastics were successfully detected, adding to evidence that bottled water is a source of human microplastic ingestion.

2020 Macromolecular Symposia 35 citations
Article Tier 2

FTIR-Based Identification of Microplastics in Commercial Bottled Drinking Water

Scientists found tiny plastic particles in all 10 brands of bottled water they tested, using a special technique to identify the plastic types. These microplastics likely come from the plastic bottles and packaging process itself. While we don't yet know the full health effects of drinking these plastic particles, this study shows that even bottled water isn't free from plastic pollution.

2026 Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Article Tier 2

Characterization of microplastics in water bottled in different packaging by Raman spectroscopy

Researchers detected and characterized microplastics in bottled water from different packaging types using Raman spectroscopy, confirming that plastic contamination occurs across various commercial water bottle materials.

2023 Environmental Science Water Research & Technology 14 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Factors influencing microplastic contamination in bottled drinking water in Indonesia: a systematic review

This systematic review found that bottled drinking water in Indonesia contains microplastics, with contamination levels influenced by packaging type, bottle material, and storage conditions. The findings raise health concerns because microplastics in drinking water can carry harmful chemicals and may affect the digestive system when consumed regularly.

2023 Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Article Tier 2

First evidence of microplastics and their characterization in bottled drinking water from a developing country

Scientists in a developing country analyzed 10 brands of bottled drinking water and found microplastics in all samples, with concentrations varying by brand. The most common particles were polyethylene and polypropylene fragments and fibers, likely originating from the plastic bottle caps and packaging. This study adds to evidence that bottled water is a significant source of daily microplastic intake for people worldwide.

2023 Frontiers in Environmental Science 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence of microplastics in commercially sold bottled water

Researchers used advanced infrared spectroscopy to measure microplastics in commercially sold bottled water in China. They found microplastic particles in the samples, with concentrations varying by brand and bottle type. The study adds to growing evidence that bottled water is a significant source of human microplastic exposure, and it estimated the amount people may be consuming daily through this route.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 132 citations
Article Tier 2

Análise da presença de microplásticos em diferentes marcas de água engarrafada na região 6 - Equador

Researchers analyzed 72 bottled water samples from four brands in Ecuador's Region 6 for microplastic contamination using FTIR spectroscopy, finding fibers and fragments in all brands with sizes from 4.4–840 µm. Polyethylene was the dominant polymer and one brand had significantly higher MP concentrations, averaging 233.1 particles per liter.

2025 Magazine Portal Bibliotech Digital (Universidad Nacional de Colombia)
Article Tier 2

Microplastic as an written composition in bottled water: Implications for waste management

This study characterized microplastic contamination in bottled water, identifying common polymer types and particle sizes and discussing implications for waste management and the effectiveness of current filtration in bottling facilities.

2024 Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring.
Article Tier 2

Analysis of the presence of microplastics in different brands of bottled water in Regional 6 - Ecuador

Researchers analyzed 72 water samples from four brands of bottled water in Ecuador's Region 6 for microplastic content using FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastic fibers and fragments were found in all brands, with one brand averaging 233.1 particles per liter and polyethylene as the most frequently identified polymer type.

2025 Revista Colombiana de Química
Article Tier 2

Kandungan Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang Beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah

This Indonesian study detected and characterized microplastics in bottled drinking water (AMDK) sold in Semarang, Central Java. Bottled water is widely consumed as a supposedly hygienic alternative to tap water, making findings of microplastic contamination in this product category particularly relevant to understanding direct human ingestion pathways.

2023 METANA 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Malaysian bottled water brands: Occurrence and potential human exposure

Researchers tested eight major bottled water brands sold in Malaysia and found microplastic particles in all of them, with concentrations varying significantly between brands. The most common types were fragments and fibers made of polyethylene and polypropylene. The study estimates daily microplastic intake from bottled water consumption and highlights the need for quality standards addressing microplastic contamination in drinking water.

2022 Environmental Pollution 99 citations
Article Tier 2

Smaller-sized micro-plastics (MPs) contamination in single-use PET-bottled water in Thailand.

This study quantified microplastics in ten brands of single-use PET-bottled water sold in Thailand, finding an average of 140 particles per liter using fluorescent staining. The results add to global evidence that bottled water is a consistent route of human microplastic exposure and suggest that plastic packaging is a likely contamination source.

2020 The Science of the total environment
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in bottled water: assessing drinking safety in Nepal

Researchers quantified microplastics in 17 brands of bottled drinking water from five provinces of Nepal using vacuum filtration, finding particles in all brands with concentrations and polymer types suggesting contamination during bottling and from cap materials.

2025 Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Article Tier 2

Occurrence of microplastics in bottled water from Croatia: a Raman spectroscopy approach

Researchers analyzed six brands of bottled water sold in Croatia and found microplastics in all of them, with particles as small as 1 micrometer detected using Raman spectroscopy. The most commonly found plastics were PET and polyethylene, and interestingly, bottles made from virgin PET contained more microplastics than those made from recycled PET. The study adds to growing evidence that bottled water is a significant source of human microplastic exposure.

2025 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3 citations
Article Tier 2

What's in your water? A comparative analysis of micro- and nanoplastics in treated drinking water and bottled water

Researchers developed a novel method to detect both micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water using scanning electron microscopy and advanced infrared spectroscopy capable of identifying particles as small as 300 nanometers. The study found that bottled water had significantly higher concentrations of plastic particles than treated tap water, particularly for smaller micro- and nanoplastics, with polyamide, PET, and polyethylene being the most common polymers.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Detection, Quantification, and Characterisation of Microplastics in Maltese Bottled Water

Researchers detected microplastics in 84% of bottled water samples from five Maltese brands at an average concentration of 35,877 ± 23,542 particles per litre, with an average particle diameter of 2.37 μm and polymers including polyurethane, polyethylene, and polymethyl methacrylate identified by Raman spectroscopy.

2025 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

First assessment of occurrence, characteristics and human exposure of microplastics in bottled drinking water, Nepal

Researchers conducted the first assessment of microplastics in bottled drinking water from Nepal's mountain, hill, and Terai regions, finding microplastics in all 35 samples tested (mean 118 items/L), with fiber-shaped particles dominating at 71.76%, establishing a baseline for this developing-country context.

2025 Cleaner Water
Article Tier 2

SPECTROSCOPIC EVALUATION AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF MICROPLASTICS (MPs) IN BOTTLED WATER SAMPLES SOLD IN ABAKALIKI, NIGERIA

Researchers analyzed five brands of bottled water sold in Abakaliki, Nigeria, for microplastic contamination using infrared spectroscopy. They found microplastics in all samples, with granules being the most common shape, and estimated that children consume roughly two to five times more microplastics from bottled water than adults. The findings raise concerns about microplastic exposure from commercially available drinking water, particularly for young people.

2025 Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Detection of Microplastics in Bottled Water

Researchers detected microplastics in bottled water samples from Sarawak, Malaysia, contributing to the limited data on bottled water contamination in Southeast Asia and highlighting potential human exposure through a widely consumed beverage.

2021 Materials science forum 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of nano-plastics in bottled drinking water.

Researchers detected nanoplastics in commercially bottled drinking water using novel nanoparticle analysis techniques, finding particles in the nanometer size range in multiple brands. These findings are concerning because nanoplastics are thought to be more biologically active than larger microplastics and can more easily cross biological barriers in the body.

2022 Journal of hazardous materials
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Arctic invertebrates: status on occurrence and recommendations for future monitoring

Researchers used fluorescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to characterize microplastics in bottled water from 11 brands sold in China. Concentrations ranged widely across brands, with polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene as the most detected polymers.

2022 Arctic Science 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and non-natural cellulosic particles in Spanish bottled drinking water

Researchers analyzed five top-selling bottled water brands in Spain and found microplastics in all of them, primarily polyester and polyethylene particles likely originating from the PET bottles and caps. While the estimated daily intake from bottled water alone was relatively low, the study adds to evidence that bottled water is a consistent source of microplastic exposure for consumers.

2024 Scientific Reports 25 citations